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Mara sawzy khihpi eima hnei chhohpa Siaha khihpi liata Mara reih acheihpa he 51% dei 2001 khata a cha, atahma he kheita ma acha sualua aw. He article pha kawpa he reih la pachana phakawpa comment tawhta vaw thyu hra ma y.

MARA REIH HE REIH THI HAIPA A CHÂ THEI AW MA?

Mama Chozah
Châkhei, Camp: Delhi

“He chyhsazy he pôhkhapa châ ei ta, reih miakha a hmâhpa ama châ. Atahmâ he hmo ama taopa awpa ama tao pathaopa a châ. Buakha hlâta ama hmo khopa thlai tao theipa ta ama y awpa he! Chavâta avy u la, zu eih suh u, ama reih panano ei suh u, ama reih amâ pahno thai khao lei nawpa ta.” Âthaona 11:6-7.

Biehmia

Abeipa Biehrai liata eima hmôpa hawhta hlâno ta cha khizaw chyhsa zydua he reih miakha a cheihpa nata mohchho miakha a hmâhpa eima châ tahpa Babel o sâhpa asapazy thâtih tawhta hmôtheipa a châ. Châhrasala, Bebel o sâhpa sapa he Abeipa khozie a châleipa vâta chyhsa zydua cha Abeipa ta ama reih cheipa cha a pananopa khai ha ei tahpa a châ. Chatawhcha Abeipa ta lei chô su to liata chyhsa zudua cha papaipatlasa haw ta, khihpi chhao cha padua khao veih ei tahpa a châ. He he reih chôchâh reina â vaw thaona a châ.

Reih he chyhsazy eima châna maniah apalahâsatuh chaipa châ ta, reih eima hneipa vâ chyu chyuh heta chyhsazy he sâhrozy hlâta asâh viapa eima châ. Sâhrozy ta reih he hnei taraw ei ta; châhrasala chyhsazy hawhta ama reih he hmâ phahnai hlei veih ei. Chyhsa deikua pi cha eima reih cheihpa nata hmâhpazy heta hmasiena nata âsôsâhna maniah pie ta, khizaw liata hmo ypazy hneituhpa nata a mohôhtuh chaipa eima châ theina chhâ chhao a châ.

Reih he chi nata pho a paduatuhpa nata âpahniehna chaipa chhao châ ta, Abeipa Khazohpa ta chi nata pho padua n’awpa ta chhaichhi a hmâpa chhao a cha hra. Eima reih hmâpa heta eima châna chi nata pho liata maniah pasiasa ta, chi hropa nata pho hropazy chhao ta eima reih hmâpa tawna heta eima châna- ano la Marapa, Laipa, Tlaikaopa, Kâlapa, Viahpa, etc. na a châ tahpa maniah ama pathlua-pathlâ thei tyh. Eima pahno chyupa hawhta reih heta moh eihpa hnei chyu ta, atlâhpipa ta ama chi nata pho moh phaopa ta ‘Reih’ he a moh hneipa a châ. Pamosana ta- Keimo Marapazy ta reih eima hneipa moh reina châta eima hmâpa cha ‘Mara reih’ tahpa a châ. Chahawnahrata chi hro pho hropazy chhaota ama reih moh hnei chyu hra ei ta- Pawi/Lai reih, Lushai/Mizo/Tlaikao reih, Kâla reih, Viah reih, etc. tahpa ta pahnopa a cha lymâ hra.

Khizaw liata Reih Hmâ haipa

Khizaw liata reih ypazy thâtih nata chhichâna dopa pahno awpa ta âthu viapa nata a kawh viapa ta âchuna hnei haipa ‘SIL International’ [1] zyta khizaw liata reih hmâ haipazy cha ‘database’ pha kawpa ta ‘Ethnologue’ liata so lymâ ei ta. Kô 2005 liata khizaw liata reih hmâ haipa ‘SIL International’ nazy ta ‘database’ liata ama sopa zydua cha 6, 912 a châ. Hezy hry tawhta 32.8 % (2, 269) cha Asia liapahlô liata pahrâpazy reih hmâ haipa zie châ ta, 30.3% (2, 092) zy chhao Africa liapahlô liata pahrâpazy reih hmâ haipa zie a châ hra.

Khizaw liata reih zydua he Abeipa ta a khona zie hawhta a taopa sai châ ta; chadeikua a reih pasona châh a pahno leipa maih cha ama chheipah liata ypa chi hro pho hropazy tlybaipa ta y lymâ ei ta, ama chi nata pho moh taihta ama pahlei tyh tahpa ta athaiso viapazy ta ama rei dâh a châ. Amo râh liata azipa ama cha tyhpa tlai kha ‘râh pazu ta o pazu a pho’ ama tahpa hawhta khichhaipa lâ alie ha ei ta, ama râh chhôh a cha tyhpa liata biehnei thei khao leipa ei ta, opha lyuphapa chhao hnei thei khao hra veih ei. He zydua he achhâpa châthaipazy ta ama reina dâh liata cha ama reih pasona châh pahno leipa ei ta, ama reih ama khâsia lei vâ a châ amâ ta.

Reih lâchhâh achupazy reina dâh liata cha ama reih hmâhtuhpa ahnei chyhpa nata a khâsia pha khao leipazy cha chhâ avaw y lai lymâ awpa liata ama reih he apahlei lai lymâ thlâha awhpa ama cha zie rei ei ta, khizaw liata reih hmâ haipa 6, 912 hry tawhta âkhophiezy (3, 000) cha kô 2100 eima tlô hlâta hmâhtuhpa nata khasia tuhpa y khaoleipa ta âmua or thipamo thei thlâ habâ awhpa hawhta reihpa a châ. He hawhta duahmo pha khao leipa liata âdua hâpazy chôchâh rei n’awhpa ta reihcheipa âchupazy/alaichadaipazy (linguistic) ta cha – ‘Reih a thi thei thlâha awhpa duahmo liata âdua hapa (endangered languages)’ tahpa ta ama reih tyh. Reih a thi theipazy duahmo achuna he a kawh viapa ta pachhai pachhuah via lai heihpa châ ta: Reih âboh leipa (unsafe), reih thi cheingei awhpa (definitely endangered), reih thi thei awhpa ta chichhih habâpa (severely endangered), reih thi thlâ thei bâ awhpa ta pachâchhie âchhipa (critically endangered) nata reih âmua hapa/reih thipamo hapa (extinct) tahpazy ta pachhai pachhuahpa a châ.

Kô 2009 Hmypi 19- liata United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)[2] zyta khizaw liata ‘Reih’ hmâ haipazy duahmo nata chhichâna a eih viapa ta achuna (research) ama hneina thâtih siapa zawpizy hnota phualuana hnei ei ta, reih 2, 500 zy cha athi thei thlâha awhpa duahmo liata âdua hapa (endangered languages) hawhta ama reih. UNESCO zy reina dâh ta cha khizaw lia he reih hmâ haipa 6, 000 hlâta hluvia ypa hawhta rei ei ta, cha zy hry tawhta reih 200 pazy cha chhâthô (last three generation) akhô hapa chhôh liana khata hmâtuhpa y khaoleipa ta a thipamo hapa hawhta ama reih hra.

Khizaw liata reih hmâ haipazy hry tawhta reih 538 zy cha a thi thlâ thei bâ awhpa ta pachâchhie âchhipa (critically endangered) hawhta pahnopazy châ habâ ei ta, reih 502 zy chhao thi thei awhpa ta chichhih habâpa (severely endangered) hawhta reihpa a châ hra. Chahawnahrata, reih 632 zy cha a thi cheingei awhpa (definitely endangered) hawhta pachâpa châ ei ta, reih 607 zy chhao reih âboh khao leipa (unsafe) hawhta pahno haipa a châ zie chhao UNESCO zyta ama rei hra.

UNESCO nazy ta India râh chhôh liata reih duahmo pha khaoleipa ama hmopapuapa zie cha 196 tlai châ ta, atlâhpipa ta he reih 196 zy he Maw-Nochhi dai lâ râh Himalayan belt nata India nata China râhri lâchhâh ta pahrâpazy reih a chapa hawhta reihpa a châ. Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Andra Pradesh nata Tamil Nadu liazy chhao reih duahmo pha khao leipa, athi thei thlâha awhpa duahmo liata adua hapazy (endangered languages) he a y hôlô hrapa hawhta pahnopa a châ hra. He zy hry tawhta reih duahmo pha khao leipa ta pahnopa âlâlao viapazy cha Mizo Tawng, Ladakhi (Jammu & Kashmir), Lepcha (Sikkim & West Bengal District) zy ama châ. (achô liata India râh chhôh liata reih duahmo pha khaoleipa palasapazy he International level liata thliena a châ).

Reih Duahmo Chhie nata Pha Pahnona

Reih lâchhâh âchupazy ta khizaw liata reih thokhazy a thi thei thlâha awpa duahmo liata âdua hapazy (endangered languages) pahno thei n’awhpa ta ngiana nata thliena eihrâpa hnei ei ta, he hawhta a châ.

· Amiakhana liata, pikheipa reih hmâ haipa maluh zie tawhta.

· Amianona liata, pikheipa reih (mother tongue) hmâhtuhpa kô nata asia kawpa nata thai/pahnia kawpa ta piekheipa reih hmâ theipa maluh tawhta.

· Amithôh liata, asiapa nata thai kawpa ta pikheipa reih hmâ theipa thyutliapazy maluh zie tawhta zy nata,

· Amiapalihna liata cha reih hmâ haipa apha kawpa nata sia kawpa âvaopa (document languages) zie zy tawhta khopathliana he taopa a châ.

Micheal Krauss ta cha “Khizaw liata reih ypa zydua (6, 912) hry tawhta akhophie zy he cha tahmâ tawhta kô 50 – 100 avaw y awpa liata hmâtuhpa y leipa ta a leidia thlâha awhpa hawhta a reih. Achhâpa cha pitlopazy (kô uhthei hapa) ngâlâ ta ama pikheipa reih hmâ bâ ei ta, ama sawna nata tuzy hnota ama pachu pachhuah khao lei vâta a châ” a tah. He heta palasapa cha chhâ avaw y lymâ awpa liata ama tu-sawzy ta amo pathlatuhpa reih thai khao leipa ei ta, reih hropa ama hmâ thei ha bâ tahpa chhopasia kaw.

Ethnographer nazy rei dâh ta cha Japan râh liata reih sâkha ‘Ainu’ ama tahpa reih he daihti reileipa liata a thi thei awpa hawhta ama reih. Achhâpa cha, tahmâ nota ‘Ainu’ reih hmâhtuhpa he maluh 300 hlei ngâlâ cha bâ ei ta, he zy hry tawhta maluh 15 zy ngâlâ ta ‘Ainu’ reih asiano kawpa nata pahnia kawpa ta hmâ thei bâ ei ta, ahluvia syulyu ta ‘Ainu’ reih he asia kawpa nata pahnia kawpa ama hmâ thei khao lei vâta a châ.

India râh liapahlô sâkha Adaman nazy reih hmâpa he Japan liata Ainu reih ahmâhpazy hawhta maluh chy kawbâ taraw ei ta; anodeikua kô zabi thiepa avaw y awpa liata chhao ama reih he abo lymâ chy awpa hawhta pachâpa ama châ. Achhâpa cha hawti tawhta uhthei chaipa taihta Adaman reih he asia kawpa nata pahnia kawpa hmâ thei khai ei ta, nôpawzy ta ama tu-sawzy hnota ama pachu pachhuah lai lymâpa vâta a châ.

Chahawnahrata Hawaiin reih hmâhpa he maluh 1, 000 ngâlâ cha bâ tarawh hra ei ta, chasala ama duahmo he a pha kaw chy. Achhâpa cha ama pikheipa reih he Kindergarten (KG) – College taihta achu ei ta, chahleikho ta nôpawzy ta tu-sawzy hnota ama pachu pachhuah lai lymâ chypa vâta a châ.

Reih he ahneituhpazy ta ama hmâ khao lei na ta he reih duahmo pha khaoleipa tlymâ, reih thipa tahpa ta reipa a châ tyh. Reih thipa eima tahpa he atlâhpipa ta reih hropa ta athla hapa vâta a cha chai tyh hra. Pamosana ta, American na he ama pikheipa reih (Native language) hmâ lilâ khao leipa ei ta, khichhaipa reih – English, French, Spanish or Portuguese reih zyta tlao a khu khai habâ ei.

Reih thokhazy chyhsa hluvia ta ama hmâ/cheih khaoleipa, reih thipa hawhta eima pachâpazy he su thokha- Scientiftic, Law (dâh), Awnanopa hmo liazy ta hmâ phahnaipa amâ châ tyh hra. Sanskrit, Latin, Old Church, Slavonic, Avestan, Coptic nata Old Tibetan zy he reih thi hawpa hawhta pachâpa ama cha tarawpa ta hmo mohchho nata bie tlâhzy chhopasiana nata reipasiana châta hmâpa ama cha hôlô. He hawpa reih zy he ‘Secret Language’ tahpa ama châ.

Reih thina chhâpa

Reih thina chhâpa he rei awpa hluhpi a y. Reih chôchâh lâchhâh âchupazy ta reih a thina chhâ atlâhpi viapa ta ama reipazy cha: Sôdaohna (business) vâta zy, Zyhna (religious) vâta zy, Politics vâta zy, Nôvah âhnei pahlaona (intermarriage) vâta zy, Suhrolâ âpaihn/Yna su pasie vâta zy, Hmasiena/Râh âsôsâhna (development) vâta zy, Reih nanopa sâno hmâh pahlao (bilingual) vâta zy, Zawpi hnohta thâtih chhona (Media- Television, Radio, Thâtihbu, etc.) vâta zy, Charia vâta zy a châ. Hezy hleikhopa heta reih thina chhâ rei thei awpa hlupi a y aw, chasala, tahmâta ei palasapazy he reih thina chhâpa ta ama reipa âlâlao viapazy a châ.

Reih chôchâh lâchhâh âchupazy reina dâh ta cha, “Reih he hmohro hneipa nata chi âpathla pachhuah theipazy hawhta chipathla pachhuahna (gene) hnei hra leipa ei ta, a hmâtuhpa (reih cheih tuhpa) liata âpahnie” tahpa a châ. A yzie cha reih hmâtuhpa hmâzie hawhta reih he anano thei lymâ tahna a châ. Yna su ananopa vâta reih ananopazy chhao y theipa a châ hra. Chavâta, reih hmâ hlu viapa nata khasia viapazy maih cha reih hneirohpa châ aw ta, khizaw y chhôh tacha âdua papua lymâ hra aw tahna a châ.

Scientist moh pathâpa Charles Darwin ta ‘theory’ hmô papuapa, yzie âthu kawpa a hneipa “Survival of the fittest” tahpa hawhta ‘Reih’ hmâ hlu viapa nata khasiatuh phapa a hneipa, âki chochâ viapazy cha âdua papua aw ei ta, hmasiena rai ahnei leipa nata hmâtuhpa nata khasiatuhpa a hnei leipa ‘Reih’ zy cha disaopa ta ama y lymâ aw tahna a châ. Reih thokhazy he cha reih hropa hlâta âki chochâ via ta, hmâ zie chhao pha via hra ta, sôdaohna nata zawpi ta hmâpa reih avaw châpa lao heihna ta cha reih hmasiepa nata âsôsâhpa a châ ha tyh. He heta palasa kawpa cha reih hmâ haipa he reih hneiropa nata hmasiepa ta tao awpa tacha pikheipa reih (mother tongue) he hmâ hlu awpa nata khasia awpa ângiah tahpa maniah chhopasia kaw.

Mara Reih

Mara reih he chi hro pho hropazy reih nata ananona a hnei. He hawta a châ: Reih cheipa (spoken language) nata chârona reih (written language) eima hneipa he a châ. Mara reih cheina châta eima hmâ haipa he hmiala liata cha hly pangaw viz. Tlosai- Siaha reih, Chapi- Ngiaphia reih, Zyhno reih, Hawthai reih nata Vyhtu reih tahpa ta pachhaipa cha tyh ta, kô 2009 kô thaona liata Forest & Environment Dept. Conference Hall, MADC, Siaha liata Art & Culture Dept., MADC zy Seminar pachhuanohpa liata ama rei dâh ta cha tahmâ nota Nochhi Mara nata Notla Mara zyta reih eima hmâ haipa he hly – chaki (9) a ypa hawhta reipa a châ ha heih bâ. (Mara reih hly -4 a y viapa hawhta Seminar liata ama reihpa he ama reih mohzy ei pahno khaoleipa vâta vaw palasa thei khao va na). He rei cheihpa hly 5- 9 pazy he ama reih hmâpa nocha cheih ei ta, chasala eima zyduata eima reih cheihpa/hmâpa he eima pahno/thei veichâh thei khaipa a châ.

Mara reih cheina (spoken language) châta hmâpa reihzy he chârona châta hmâpa châleipa ta, anodeikua tahmâhlâ khizaw âsôsâhna ta atlôkheipa nata sapapuapa ‘internet’ nata ‘Mobile phone’ hmâpa ta bie âchhona (text messages) châta reih hlykha a hmâpazy tacha amo reih hmâpazy ta bie amâ chho tyh. Châhrasala Marapa chi zydua pahlypa ta rei thei awpa ta deikua cha Saikao reih he hmâpa a châ.

Chârona reih (written language) châta eima hmâ haipa he Saikao reih châ ta, Mara reih alphabet maniah a vaw taopatuhpa eima Missionary ta a vaw hmâpa reih chhao a châ hra. Biehrai nata hlabu rona liata Saikao reih he hmâ lymâpa châ ta, West Maraland lâta ypa Marapazy cha India dâh pipa ta maniah pasaipa hawhta ‘Mara Reih’ he ‘Vernacular’ reih tah apypa a cha vâta Council Office chhôh liata ryureina nata Office liata hmâpa reih châta hmâpa a châhleikho ta achuna Siku- Py 1 – 7 na taihta Mara reih he Subject sâkha hawhta achu lymâpa a châ.

Châvata, Saikao reih he Marapazy râhzohpa eima châna tawhta khaina lâ maniah chhithatuhpa Krista pheisai riaphapa R.A. Lorrain ta Marapazy hnota thâtihpha chhona awhpa nata chârona awhpa ta a vaw hmâpa a cha vâta keimo Marasaw zydua chhao pita Saikao reih he cheina (spoken language) châta eima hmâ thei leipa chhaota chârona reih (written language) châta eima hmâ lai lymâ awpa a châ.

Mara Reih Achuna Reih Châta Hmâ Pathaona

Missionary nôvah ta ‘Mara reih’ tah tlaita chârei nata ro ama vaw pachu tuachaipa cha Puhpa Saro, Tisopi khihpa kha a châ. Puhpa Saro he Missionary nôvah Mara reih ama vaw chuna daihti liata baotuh chaipa a châ. Kô 1908 liata Siku padua ei ta, âthaono cha Marasaw châ pachu awpa chhao hnei leipa ei ta, hawti châ pachu awpa ama hnei tlahkaipa chhao Lushai nata Pawi chyhsazy ama cha vâta Lushai reih ta ama pachu. Vaili Mahpaw ta he hawhta a châbu liata a vaw roh, “Thla charu eima y tawhta Lushei chapaw hawti papalih mohôh awpa hnei pi ta, Lushei reih eima thai chhohpa ta chârei nata ro pachu pi ta, daihti reilei ta liata hawti pahraw hleikha lâta kaw pô ei ta, ama hry liata pasari he Lushei pho châ ei ta, papalihpazy dei cha ‘Chin’ tlymâ ‘Poi’ ama tahpa pho ama châ”[3] tahpa ta. He hawti nazy he thlano nata khophie ama chu tawhta ama khih lâ ama kua lilaw khai haw. He hawhta a cha vâta daihti reilei ta chhôh Siku chhao ama khaw hmâpa kha a châ.

Pachu awpa hawti ama hnei lei daihti nota Vaili Mahpaw biereipa he eima mo khiata la Marapazy tha maniah pasa zie âlâ pasia hmeiseih. He hawhta a vaw roh, “Siku hawti eima chie padâh hapa vâta deikuala pei ta hlei mapi, he râh lia âkhy pi ta Siku eima paduana chhâpa he Lushei reih ta châ pachu awpa ta âkhypa chaleipa pi ta, eima chhuah chaipa he Lakher hawti Siku pangiasa ta ama reih cheingei ta châ pachu awpa nata mohôh awpa ta âkhypa tlao eima châ”.[4] Daihti rei a sie hlâtâ Marapasaw hry tawhta chârei nata ro achu khopa ama hneipakhua ha heihpa vâta Siku cha pahy pakhua heihpa a châ. Marasaw chârei nata ro pachu awhpa hawhti ama hnei tawhta ‘Mara reih’ he achuna reih châta hmâpa a vaw cha lymâ ha bâ. ‘Chutuana bu’ Vaili Mahpaw taopa chhao Assam sawhkhâ ta asaipa ta khawchhuh taopa ei ta, he châbu he Marasaw chârei nata ro âchu hmiatuapazy ta Mara reih ta ropa châbu ama vaw hnei tuachaipa chhao a châ.

Marasaw chârei nata ro achu khopa âvawpo via lymâ ei ta, Saikao khih liata ‘Mission Siku’ liata cha a katloh khaoleipa ei ta, chatanachata kô 1936 tawhta Mara râh (Nochhi nata Notla Mara râh) liata khih lai viapa nata Mission Station tawhta su ahla viapa maih liata Missionary nazy ta Siku ama vaw padua chhi via lymâ. Kô 1936 – 1939 chhôh ta Mara râh chhôh liata Missionary zyta Siku ama vaw paduapa he azydau ta sâhraw (10) a châ. Pachutuhpazy he Marasaw Mission Siku tawhta âchu patlôpazy châ ei ta, chârei nata ro deileipa cha pachu hropa hnei veih ei. Saikao liata Mission Siku lia ngâlâ ta py pali (cl- iv) taihta achu theina Primary Siku a y.

Kô 1947 tawhta Rev. A. B. Lorrain Foxall ta Siku sâhrawhleikha (11) Mara râh chhôh liata padua chhi via heih ta. Chatanachata, hmiala ta padua chiepa nata pahlypa ta azydua ta syno nata sâkha (21) tlai Mara râh chhôh liata achuna Siku pahypa a vaw cha haw bâ. Kô 1947 lia pyly ta Saikao khih liata Mission Siku cha Middle English School lâta pasuapa a cha haw hra. Kô 1947 liata India râh ta British sawhkhâ ryureina ry tawhta khotalaina (independent) a hmô tawhna khata cha Assam State sawhkhâ ta Mission Siku zydua sawhkhâ ta la khai habâ awhpa âchhuah ha ta. Marapa râh liata Missionary nazy ta Siku ama vaw paduapa Saikao khih liata Middle English School sâkha nata Mara râh chhôh (India Mara râh) liata Primary Siku na zydua cha kô 1948 pa liana khata Assam State sawhkhâ ku liata hlâpa a vaw cha haw. Mara râh cha India nata Myanmar ta pachhaipa eima vaw chapa lao heih!

Achô liata ei za palasapa hawhta Missionary zyta achuna siku Mara râh chhôh liata ama vaw paduapazy liata pachuna reih ‘medium of instruction’ châta hmâpa he ‘Mara reih’ châ ta, achuna buzy chhao Vaili Mahpaw taopa a châ hra. Kô 1908 – 1948 taihta Mara râh chhôh liata Siku a ypa zydua liata cha ‘Mara reih’ saita pachupa a châ.

Pachuna Châta Hmâ Awpa Reih (medium instruction) Bua Pathaona

Missionary zy ta Mara râh chhôh liata Siku ama vaw padua pathao daihti no he Mizoram liata Awnano lai viapa- Presbytery (Aizawl) nata Baptist (Lunglei) liatapazy cha achuna o phapa Middle Siku nata High Siku zy taihta ama vaw hnei hmâ haw. He hawhta a cha vâta Marasaw châ thai tuapazy khata Lakher Pioneer Mission (LPM) zy cha Presbytery nata Baptist nazy ama taopa hawhta taothei hra awhpa hawhta pachâna vaw hnei ei ta, LP Missionary nazy cha Marapazy baona awhpa châta Mongyu râh tawhta baona hluhpi âvypa châ Marapasawzy achuna nata phana awpa châta a hmâ kholeipa hawhta pachâna chhao ama vaw hnei.[5] Thâtih reina dâh liata cha hezy vâ na heta Marapazy ta LPM chô liata palôh tlâleina vaw hnei ei ta, hla liazy ta ama vaw taopa ngâlâpa hawhta reipa a châ. He hawhta hla sâkha châ a y;

‘Marah râh ngiachhi chhih,

Tlôsaipaw ta tyu Marah râh liata;

Tao kho vei Marah sawzy phahnawpa.’

Kô 1948 tawhta India-Mara râh lâta Siku, Missionary zyta ama vaw paduapa cha Assam State Sawhkhâ ku lâta tlokhuta hlâ khaipa vaw châ haw bâ ta. Assam sawhkhâ chhaota Primary Siku liata Mara reih achupa he a pha vaw tah ta, Assam Sawhkhâ ta Siku â vaw vao pathaona daihti nota cha Mara reih he Siku liata pachuna reih (medium of instruction) châta apypa chhao a châpa hawhta reipa a châ. Châhrasala, achô liata eima za rei hapa hawhta Marapazy ta Missionary zy chô liata palôh tlâleina vâta Marasaw cheingei tawhta Siku liata pachuna châta ‘Mara reih’ hmâpa kholeina a vaw y pathopa a châ. Mara reih he ‘tiria haosa chaka leipa’ hawhta pachâna vaw hnei ei ta, chatanachata Tipa ‘V’ liata Mara beizy nata Marasaw hry liata sawhkhâ rai hriapazy âhmô pakhyna ama hnei daihti liata ‘Mara Reih’ cha ‘Lushai Reih’ ta thlâh awhpa ta ama vaw pathlu haw![6]

He daihti no heta Puhpa Lalchungnunga, School Inspector, Lunglei, South Mizoram, Gov’t of Assam cha Mara râh chhôh liata Siku pachuna châta reih hmâ awhpa pasiana nata mopasiana hnei awhpa ta Lunglei tawhta Mara râh lâ â khy.[7] Puhpa Lalchungnunga âkhyna chhâpa he kô hlupi chhôh Missionary zyta Primary Siku liata hmâ awhpa ‘Achuna bu’ Mara Reih ta ama vaw pachhuanoh chiepazy cha Assam State Sawhkhâ ta Siku zydua a mohôh khai habâpa vâta Primary Text Book châta hmâ lymâ awhpa apha nata phalei mo awhpa ta âkhypa a châ. Ano he Mara reih athai lei vâta Missionary zyta achuna bu ama vaw pachhuanoh chiepa cha apha nata chhie chhao pahno hlei leipa ta, Marapazy ta Mara reih ta tlaita achuna siku liata hmâ lymâ awhpa ama vaw kho khiata cha Missionary achuna bu taopa he aphana tahpa ta amâ vaw duakhei awhpa hawhta pachâpa châ ei ta, châhrasala Marasawzy ta Lushai reih ama vaw kho via hapa vâta ‘Lushai Reih’ cha Mara râh liata hmâ bâ awpa ta Puhpa Lalchungnunga, School Inspector, Lunglei, South Mizoram ta Assam Sawhkhâ hnota a vaw tlôkhei haw tahpa a châ. Chatanachata, kô 1948 – 1972 chhôh zydua cha Mara râh liata Primary Siku maih liata cha ‘Lushai Reih’ he pachuna reih (medium of instruction) châta hmâpa avaw châ lymâ.

‘Lushai Reih’ ta Marapa Siku liata pachu bâ awpa cha pachutuh hmiatuapa Puhpa H. Zacho (L) cha a palôh vaw pasa kaw ta. ‘Mara Reih’ Marapazy ta pachuna reih châta ama hmâ khaolei awpa cha a palôh pasana nata Mara reih a lei thlâha bâ awpa a pasai leina cha hla lâta a vaw phipa ngâpa hawhta reipa a châ.[8] Puhpa H. Zacho (L) he Saikao Primary Siku pachutuh awpa ta Assam Sawhkhâ ta a raopa a châ. A hla phipa cha he hawhta a châ;

“Ei vaw pikhei ei rei cheina,

Alei awpa pasaih va na,

Pasô ei si a ngiana zy;

Thyutlia eiam daihti chyu ta.

Khazia ei reih ei pahlei aw,

Chô Khazoh eina piepa cha!

Pasô ei si a ngiana zy,

Thyutlia eima daihti chyu ta.”

Kô 1972 pa liata India Marapazy cha keimo khota ryu â reina ‘Mara Autonomous District Council’ (MADC) piepa vaw châ pi ta, kô 1975 liana khata Primary Siku zydua cha MADC biehneina liata sopa a vaw cha heih hra. India dâh pipa ‘The Sixth Schedule Amendments’ pasaina hawhta Primary Siku liata achuna châta ‘vernacular’ hmâ pasaipa vaw châ heih pi ta. Mara Board of School Education (MBSE, MADC) zy paduapa a châhleikhô ta kô 1979 tawhta cha Primary achuna liata ‘Mara reih’ hmâpa a vaw cha pakhua haw heih. Châhrasala, kô hlupi Lushai reih ta achupa a châpa vâta Mara reih ta achupa a châ tawh chhaota a reih he khodâh hawhta sôh thai khao vei. Châbu rei phapa nata nahpavâh âchhihpa cha Lushai reih ta y khai ha ta, Mara reih ta taopa reih hlao khao hra vei!

Mara Reih liata rei dâh nata ro dâh adoleipa nata a ki leipazy mopasia ta pado-patlâ awpa ta MADC nata Awnanopazy abaopasupa ta ‘Mara Literature Board’ zy chhao paduapa a châ hra. He sahlaonazy heta Mara reih hmâ zie doleipa nata aki leipazy mopasiana ama hnei hleikhota, pado-patlâ byuhpa maihzy mopathipa ta Mara reih hmasiena awpa ama vaw tlua lymâpa a châ. He ta asa papuapa cha kô 1994 pa liana khata ‘Mara Reih- Grammer Bu’ achuna châta hmâ thei awpa Puhpa A. Zakia, Siaha, Vaihpi ta a vaw pachhuanoh. He he Mara Literature Board nazy nata MADC chhituhpazy khopasana tawhta a vaw puapa a châ.

Kô 1986 rachhôhpa tawhta Primary achuna liata ‘Mara Reih’ hmâ haipa cha ‘Mongyu Reih’ (English) ta thla khona vaw y heih ta.[9] He khona he District Council biehneituhpazy chhaota avaw pykhei ei ta, chatanachata kô 1979 – 1986 chhôh zydua Primary Siku achuna liata Mara reih hmâ tyhpa cha English ta thlapa a vaw cha haw heih. Daihti reilei ta chhôh cha Pachutuhpazy rairuna nata Sawhkhâ sôh adai leinazy vâta Mara Reih ta hmâ pazao pakhuapa vaw cha heih.

Kô 1994 pa ta Middle Siku amohôhna chhao cha Mizoram State sawhkhâ ta MADC sawhkhâ hnota biehna a vaw pie heih hra ei. Chatanachata, kô 1998 rachhôhpa tawhta Mara Autonomous District Council chhôh liata Primary nata Middle siku achuna bu nata achuna reih zydua cha Mongyu reih ta thla khaipa a vaw cha haw. Mara reih he ‘vernacular’ a châ na hawhta tahma cha MADC ry liata Siku ypazy Primary Siku nata Middle Siku achuna bu -subject sâkha hawhta achupa vaw châ ta, ‘Mara Reih - Achuna Bu, Cl 1 - 7’ tahpa cha tahmâ he hmâ haipa a châ. ‘Mizo Tawng’ chhao Modern Indian Language (MIL) vyuhpa achuna bu sâkha (subject sâkha) hawhta Primary nata Middle Sikuzy liata pachupa a châ hra.

Siku pachuna reih châta hmâ awpa khotlyna heta Mara reih thata pabua ta, Marapasaw châthai hmiatuapa nata sawhkhâ raihria tuapazy pachâ pasina vâta Mara râh chhôh liata achuna châta reih hmâ awpa cha khichhaipa reih, a eih viapa ta ‘Lushai Reih’ eima vaw la pangia hapa a châ. He he Mara râh chhôh liata reih hropa hmâ pathaona a châhleikhô ta Mara reih azyzy ta a padiahsatuhpa a châ.

Sawhkhâ ryureina Reih châta Mara Reih hmâ pathaona

Notla lâta Marapazy pi he Lai chyhsazy nata pahlypa ta kô 1953 pa ta Pawi-Lakher Regional Council piepa châ pi ta, Regional Council supipa chhao Siaha liata sopa a châ. Regional Council Office nata Ryureina liata ‘Lushai reih’ hmâpa a châhleikho ta Customary Law zy taihta Mizo Customary âhlypa a châ hra. Hezy vâna heta Marapa sawzy chi hropazy nata y khopa riethei vaw tah pathao ei ta, chatanachata Marasaw hry tawhta chhituh viapa nata châthai viapazy ta Pawi chyhsa nata Sawhkhâna sâkha ta siekhei ngâthlâha awhpa vaw kho khao leipa ei ta keimo tah tlaita ryureina no-eihpa hneikhona a vaw lai lymâpa a châ. Marapasaw châta a no-eih ta ryureina hnei awpa he Mara beizy daihti no tawhta chhaota ama vaw hia chiepa a châ.

Kô 1963, January pa ta Zyhno khih liata Marapa sawzy âhmôpakhyna (Mara Convention) pahruapa châ ta. He liata Mara bei nata nôpawpa atlôpakhypazy ta reirao ngâsâpa ta Marapa sawzy châta ryureina no-eihpa hia awpa apha ta ei tah. Zawpizy vyupata tao byuhpa nata hriah byupazy hriah lymâ awpa ta Political Party padua awpa ta a phapa ta pahnopa a cha vâta Mara beizy nata nôpawpazy parysana hawhta Political party thiepa cha paduapa a vaw cha haw. Party moh châta ‘Mara Freedom Party’ (MFP) tahpa ta biepa a châ. Mara Freedom Party he Maraland chhôh liata Political Party, chi nata pho, ti nata râh pabohsa khopa vâta Political Party a dua tua chaipa a châ. Mara Freedom Party âduana chhâ chaipa cha Marapazy châta District Council no eihpa hnei awpa khona vâta a châ.

Kô 1965 January ta Saikao khih liata MFP General Assembly ei -4 na hneipa châ ta. He Assembly liata atlôpakhypazy heta Pawi-Lakher Regional Council tawhta ala pathlahna bietluna vaw tao ha ei ta, Mara District padua ta Marapa kuphei tlaita ryureina atao bâ awpa ta reirao ngâsâpa ta a vaw pathlu haw. Chatanachata, India nata Assam Sawhkhâ pahnokhei awpa tlaita Mara Interim District Council châ ama padua. He liata ama biepathlupa zy cha India nata Assam Sawhkhâ pahnosapa châ ta, Council hiana memorandum liata chhao pahlaopa a châ hra. Leima (Tax), House tax nata Sadô & Leipalie tax, Pawi-Lakher Regional Council Office liata ama pangia tyhpa zydua chhao cha Mara Interim District Office liata pangia khaipa a cha habâ hra. Office liata hriatuhpazy chhao Pawi-Lakher Regional Council Office tawhta a bâh penawh sahlaozy hmâhpa cha ei ta, office chhôh nata ryureina liata Mara reih hmâ pathaopa a vaw cha haw hra.

Daihti reilei ta chhôh Pawi- Lakher Regional Council Sawhkhâna a pazao pakhua heihpa châ ta, chatanachata kô 1972 pa liata Marapazy châ keimo khota ryu âreina eihhrâhpa ‘Lakher Autonomous District Council’ cha piepa eima vaw cha haw. Ryureina eih hrâhpa eima vaw hnei tawhta âtanoh taihta Mara Autonomous District Council râh chhôh liata cha ‘Mara Reih’ he India dâh pipa pasaina hawhta office nata ryureina reih châta hmâpa a vaw châ lymâ ha bâpa a châ.

Mara Reih Duasu

Mara reih duasu he pakhata ta eima mopasiapa a cha khiata la a duasu pha khao vei tahpa hmôtheipa a châ. Reih lâchhâh âchupazy saina dâh nata hmôna dâh âhlykheipa ta Mara reih duasu tahmâ nota âlâna dâh tlâhpi viapa mo pachhi eima chhuah heih tua aw. Mara reih azyzy ta a padiahsatuhpa nata a pabuatuh chaipazy cha atlâhpipa ta he hawhta a châ:

Sâkhana liata cha, râh chhôh liata Politics sie zie adoleina tawhta a châ. Politics he hmâ padopa achâleipa khiata cha reih hmâpa chôchâh liata rairuna hlupi a tlôkhei thei. MADC biehneina chhôh liata eima râh chhituhpazy pachâ pasina nata taochheina vâta MADC âtlyna maih liata Lushai reih hmâhpa pano-pathôh daihma tlai âtlypatlopa ama cha pathao lymâ ha bâ! He deih châvei, MLA âtlyna liata Lushai reih a hmâpa chyhsazy ta amâ vaw candidate ngâ lymâ habâ hra. Ryureina eihhrâhpa eima hneichhôhpa MADC sawhkhâ ry liata Mara reih athai leipa rai a hriapazy ama y hôlô. He zydua he ryureituhpazy taochheipa a châ.

Râh chhôh liata zawpi pahrâpazy reih hly (‘Official Language/Common Language) hmâ awpazy he sawhkhâ taopa châ ta, achuna su (school – university) zy liata hmâ awpa reih taihta biehneina ama hnei tyh. Mara râh chhôh liata reih hmâpa he a chapai-chari kaw bâ. Khih moh zy, tlâh moh zy, chavah moh zy nata sôdaoh moh zy he Lushai reih saita ropa a châ. He hmo he Lushaipa chyhsa ta atao raruapa châleipa ta keimo râh a hneituhpazy taothai lei vâta a châ. He heta palasapa cha Politics chhiena nata hmâ padoleina râh liata cha chi chyhnawh viapazy reih cha ama kho khiata cha anao kawpa ta disaopa ama cha thei lymâ aw tahpa palasa kaw.

Sânona liata cha, Zyhna he reih hmâpa chôchâh liata azaona âthu kawpa a hnei. Zyhna thokhazy cha ama Khazohpa achhyna daihti liata hmâpa reih no eih viapazy hnei ei ta, Bible nata Hlabu hawpazy chhao ama pikheipa reih ta ama hnei leipa vâta reih hropa (khichhaipa reih) hmâpazy chhao ama y hra. Chahawnahrata, thokhazy cha zyhna vâta ama chi-pho leipazy hno ta pahrâlâpa abyuh ta, Awnanopa zawpi reih hmâ hluviapa âhlykheipazy chhao a byu hra. Hezy hleikhopa ta reih awpa hluhpi a y aw. Chasala, atlâhpipa ta tahmâ ta eima za rei hapa hawhta Zyhna vâ heta chyhsa hluhpi cha ama pikheipa reih ama pahlei hapa a châ.

Chahawnahrata, keimo Mara râh chhôh liata Awnanopazy he eima za mopasiapa a cha khiatala palôhpasa âchhih hmeiseih. Mara râh liata khihpi viapa viz. Siaha, Tipa nata Amobyu zy liata Evangeligal Church of Maraland, India (ECMI) Awnanopa, ‘Lushai Reih’ hmâhpa Local Church- sâcharie (8 Local Churches) tlai ama y cha maw! ECM Awnanopa liata chakaona raihria haipa Pastor Mara reih hmâh thai leipazy ama ypa lao heih! Cha thota Mara reih ta ropa ECM Hqrs: Siaha tawhta thlato puapa ‘Krizyhpa Chiamie’ eima hnei tlahkaipa liata a khophie daihmâ he ‘Lushai reih’ ta ropa a cha pathao lymâ hei. Mongyuhpa chyhsa hmâta Mara reih ro thai ta a rei thai khiata cha khazia keimo Marasaw cheingeipa tlaita Mara reih he ama thai thei vei tahpa pachâna eina pahneisa kaw. Achô liata Awnanopa sâ – 8 pazy maluh nata chakaotuhpa Pastor zy maluh he statistical record book ei hneileipa vâta palasa theileipa na ta pei ei ta kaw.

Kô 2000 A.D. pa liana khata Siaha khihpi chhôh liata zyna (Religion) nano nanopa syno (20) rachhôh y ta, hezy tawhta Awnano lai viapa thokha zy: Isua Krista Lairam Baptist Kohran zy, United Penticostal Church (M) zy, Mizoram Baptist zy, Mizoram Presbyterian zy, Roman Catholic zy, Isua Krista Kohran zy, Isua Kohran zy, Salvation Army zy, Seventh Day Adventist zy, Kohran Thianghlim zy, Mission for Christ zy, Lal Chhungkua zy nata Ephraim Awnanopa zy ta Mara râh khihpi chaipa chhôh liata yna su ama pary khai ha bâ. He Awnanopazy he atlâhpipa ta ‘Lushai Reih’ a hmâhpa sai cha ei ta, Siaha khichhôh liata Chhyna O sypali nata sâcharu (46) ypa hry tawhta Chhyna O sâhraw (10) zy ngâlâ ta Mara reih amâ hmâh.[10] Achô liata palasapa Awnanopa liata Marasaw ypa hluhpi chhao ama y. Awnanopa thokhazy chhochhi châ Siaha khihpi liata achuna Siku a hneipazy chhao y hôlô ei ta, he hawpazy heta Mara râh chhôh liata reih hmâpa thata pabua ta, azyzy ta Mara reih apadiahsa via ngâkawpa a châ.

Sâthôhna liata cha, Sôdaohna heta reih hmâpa thata apanano thei. Sôdaohna su he atlâhpipa ta chi-pho hropa, reih nano hmâpazy ypakhyna su châ ta, Sôdaohna hmobaozy chhao mohchho nanopa ahneipa sai a châ hra. He hawhta a cha vâta vâtlâh ta hmâpa reih hly (common language) eih viapazy chhao hnei leitheileipa ei ta, atlâhpipa ta hmâtuhpa a hneihluh viapa nata reih âki chochâ viapazy cha hmâpa a châ lymâ. Pamosana: Mongyu reih he khizaw ta hmâpa reih (international common language) hawhta a cha vâta sôdaohna su liata cha hmâpa a cha lymâ. Shillong Police Bazar liata zy, Fancy Bazar-Kolkata liata zy, Paltan Bazar- Guwahati liata zy nata India râh dei châvei, Khizaw liata sôdaohna su maih liata cha Mongyu reih he atlâhpipa ta ama hmâh thei khai. He hawhta a cha vâta reih hmâhtuhpa nata khasia tuhpa a hnei lilâ leipazy cha khichhaipa reih ta a disao lymâ aw ei tahna a châ.

Mara râh liata chhao sôdaohna vâta Mara reih he thata pahlei hapa a cha ha bâ! Siaha khih he Mizoram State- chhoh bia lâta sôdaohna supipa a chana hawhta khihpi chhôh liata pahrapa chyhsazy he Mara chyhsa ngâlâ châ thai khaoleipa pita, chi-pho hropa maniah pahrâlâpazy chhao ama y hôlô bâpa a châ. Chahawnahrata, chi-pho hropa Siaha, Tipa, Amobyu nata Phura zy liata sôdaohna vâta nata raihrianazy vâta khihsana a ih hapa hluhpi chhao ama y.

Kô 2000 A.D. pa liata Mara râh khihpi Siaha liata chyhsa pahrâpa, chi-pho nano nanopazy duahmo cha he hawhta a châ: [11]

Figure No. 1.

Kô 2000 A.D. pa liata Siaha khichhôh liata pahrâpa maluh duahmo he eima mo khiata cha Mara chyhsa a châleipa chi-pho hropa nazy he ama zyduata pahlypa ta maluh 9, 695 châ ei ta, Marasaw he maluh 9, 229 ama châ hra. Chatanachata, Marapa khihpi Siaha liata chi-pho hropa zy cha Marapa hlâta maluh 466 tlaita amâ hluh via haw!

Kô 2005 pa liata Siaha khichhôh liata ody zie nata chhoto raihriana (Ownership of Houses and Occupation of Household) Saiha District Statistical Hand Book - tawhta â lâna dâh cha he hawhta a cha hra:[12]

Fig. No. – 2

Siaha khih he Vaih sâhraw (10) ta pachhaihpa châ ta, kô 2005 pa liata vaih to liata o (house) nata ody (household) ypa zie nata chyhsa pahrâpa maluh zie cha ary liata fig. no.-3 liata palasapa hawhna heta a châ heih hra:[13]

Fig. No. - 3

Mizoram Statitical Hand Book kô 2008 (as on 1.2.2008) liata District Wise, Block Wise nata Town Wise- Ody zie nata Maluh pahrâpa zie palasana liata Mara râh duahmo âlâna dâh cha he hawhta a châ: [14]

Figure No.- 4

He achô liata figure no. – 1, 2, 3 & 4 palasapazy tawhna khita Mara râh khihpi Siaha liata Marasaw pahrâpa maluh zie awpa cha eima kaw pachâdy thai na ta pangiasa âchhih. Kô 2000 (fig.no.–1) pa liata Siaha Town chhôh liata pahrâpa maluh zydua cha- 18, 924 cha ei ta, kô 2005 (fig.no.–3) liata maluh 19, 263 eima châ hra. Chatanachata, kô pangaw (2000 – 2005) chhôh maluh apôna 339 ngâlâ deita a châ nota kô 3 {2005 (fig.no.–3) – 2008 (fig.no.–4)} chhôh Siaha khichhôh (Town) maluh apôchatliena cha 10, 012 tlai a châ. Kô charie chhôh (2000 - 2008) eima kaw siepa liata maluh 10, 351 tlai eima pôpa liana heta ‘Mara reih’ a hmâ thai leipa, chi-hro pho hropa pakhazie tlaima maniah âbaichhi via sualua vâ tly i? Figure No. 2 & 3 zy he eima mopa ta a cha khiata châ Siaha khichhôh liata ‘Lushai reih’ hmâna vaih nazy he maluh ama hluh viana su a châhleikho ta Sawhkhâ rai hriapa nata sôdaohpazy chhao ama y hluh via chaina a châ lao hei! Tawhta, chi-pho hropa nata chi chyhnawh viapa eima tahpa nazy khi atlâhpipa ta ‘Lushai reih’ a hmâhpa sai ama châ hra. Cha thota Marapa Lushai reih a hmâhpa chhôhkha Siaha khichhôh liata ama y hôlô! Eima duahmo he pha tiara vei.

Sâpalina liata cha, Nôvah âhnei pahlaona he reih hmâpa panano theituh chaipa sâkha a châ heih hra. He heta ady chaipa cha chi hropa nata nôpi nôvah âhnei pahlaona (intermarriage) he a châ. Chihropa nata âhnei pahlaona ta atlôkheipa cha chano tlyma, chapaw tlyma, pakha via thithao hmâpa reih o chhôh liata hmâpa byuh ta, a yzie cha pakha via thithao cha reih hropa hmâpa hawhta ama châ. Chatanachata nôvah likaw liata hmâ lei viapa reih cha padiah via lymâ aw ta, achhâna liata disaopa ta a y thei aw tahna a châ. He heta sawzy chhâh lia taihta reih hmâpa chôchâh liata noraina atlôkhei thei hra ei.

Nôvah âhnei pahlaona ta asa papuapa cha reih sâno hmâ pahlaopa (bilingual) âbyuhpa he a châ. Reih nanopa sâno hmâ pahlaopa heta atlôkheipa cha chi chynawh viapazy hry liata cha ama reih hmâpa cha o chhôh mohôhna nata khisanazy vâta siesaipa ta reih hropa hmâ kho via hapa chyhsa hluhpi ama y. Reih hropa ama hmâna chhâ chhao he rei thei awpa hlupi a y thei hra aw. Chyhsa châna liata pahno hlaolei vâta zy, dychhie tu vâta zy nata chi-pho hropazy pasâhsa tu vâta zy chhao a cha thei hra aw.

Khichhôh bielôhawpa reina liata ei theina dâh ta cha Marasaw chapaw châthai viapa nata Sawhkhâ rai laipa nata pha viapa a hriapa maihta atlâhpipa ta chihropa lapinô châta hnei viaro ei ta, hezy hry tawhta chhôhkha hluvia cha chhôhkha nôhrâpa reih ama hmâhpa lao heih tahpa a châ. Marasaw hry tawhta châthaipa nata raihriana phapa ahneipa, eima mopatâ viapa nata eima palaikhei viapazy ta Mara reih siesaipa ta reih hropa maniah ama hmâhsai lymâpa a cha khiata cha a hy e ‘Mara reih’ he khâsia aw ta, a cheichalo khao aw vâ tly? He hmo he adopa a cha khiata châ Marasaw eima vadua hmeiseih tahna a châ.

Sâpangawna liata cha, yna su pasie tlyma, âpaihpazy hawpa heta reih hmâ haipa pabua thei ta, reih pahleina taihta atlôkhei thei hra. Âpaihpa tahpa ta ady via chaipa cha chi-hropa nata râh hropa lâta âpaihpazy he a cha via chai hra aw. He heta atlôkheipa cha âpaihna khih/râh liata hmâpa reih kei hmâpa byuh ta, raihriana su nata sawzy achunazy liata chhao âpaihna khih/râh liata hmâpa reih sai hmâpa âbyu vâta pikheipa reih azyzy ta siesaina nao ta, achhâna liata cha pikheipa reih siesaipa ta reih hropa hmâna atlôkhei tyh.

He hmo he adopa a châ. Marasaw Lytai, Lolei, Aizawl nata su hropa, reih hro a hmâpazy hnota apahrâpazy he ahlu via cha Mara reih hmâ khao veih ei. Nôpawzy cha amo nôvah likaw biechhona liata Mara reih he ama hmâpa chhao ta ama tu nata sawzy hnota Mara reih hmâ thei khao veih ei. Khichhaipa reihta a khu khai ha bâ ei.

Nochhi Marasawzy chhao ama pahrâna sawhkhâ chhietu vâta tahma he khizaw râh su nano nanopa liata paipatla hai ei ta, internet hmâpa ta bie eima chhona nata bielôhawpa nata bie pachâpahmaona ‘website’ nata ‘yahoogroup’ liata eima hneinazy ei mo nota ‘Mara reih’ rodâh dopa ta a ro thaipa eima chy kaw bâ tahpa hmôtheipa a châ. Nochhi Marasawzy he ama vâdua hmeiseihpa a châ. East Maraland chhôh liata achuna Siku liata ‘Mara Reih’ achu tlô leipa ei ta, cha thota Mara reih rona (written language) châta hmâpa reih- Saikao reih a hmâpa pahrâlâ palao heih leipa ei ta, Mara reih asia kawpa nata pahnia kawpa ta chârei nata ro thai awpa he ama rukhei hmeiseihpa a châ. Tahmâ Sawhkhâ chhie vâta râh hropa lâ ama pua haipa liana heta ama pahrâna su thiepa nata ama pahrâlâpazy âchu reita Mara reih he azyzy ta ama siesai via lai lymâ theipa a châ. Chavâta, nôpawpa nata uhthei viapazy reih hmâna chôchâh liata âsôsi kawna chôta tu nata sawzy ama chhitha awpa ângiah kawpa ta ei pahno.

Sâcharuna liata cha, Râh hmasiena he eima khochaipa a cha taraw nota rei hmâpa chôchâh liata apha leipa lâta atlôkheipa hlupi chhao a y thei. Âsôsâhna nata hmasiena ta atlôkheipa cha lyutao khisana thata panano ta, nohto nie tluana nata chhaichhi hmâpazy taihta thata panopa a châ. Information technology nanopa avaw tlô lymâpa heta hmo mohchhozy chhao thata panano hei hra ta, pikheipa reih hlupi cha siesaipa a châ. O chhôh liata hmâpa chhaichhi hluhpi cha hmasiena vâta hmâ thai khao lei awpa hluhpi y ta, chazy cha tahmâ cha hmopa a y khaoleipa dei châleipa ta sawtliapazy pita cha ama mohchhozy chhao hmâta pahno khao mapi. He heta palasapa cha pikheipa reih eima pahlei via lymâ tahna a châ.

He dei châvei, hmasiena ta tlôkheipa sâkha hei cha reih thiepa avaw pua via lymâpa he a cha heih hra. Reih thiepa vaw puapazy chata reih thie viapa sa papua via lai lymâ ta, chatanachata reih thokhazy cha hmâ khaoleipa ta siesaipa ama cha haw! He hawpazy vâta reih hlupi cha thi pamua haw tlai ei ta, châhrasala reih thokhazy deikua cha thi pathla khai hlei veih ei. Tahmâ ta Romance na reih he hlâno ta Latin reih ama tahpa kha châ ta, tahmâ ta hmâ haipa English chhao he hlâno English reihparopa tawhta a vaw pihpa a châ hra. Chahawnahrata Sanskrit reih he hlâno Indo-Aryan na reih tawhta avaw pathla pachhuah laipa a châ hra.

Reih thie viapa hmâpa vâta hmâ khaoleipa reihzy cha reih paropa tlymâ, machâ reih tahpa ta pahnopa amâ châ pyly heih. Marasawzy chhao pita ‘Mara reih’ eima siesai ha bâpa he a hluh kaw! Hmo mohchho nata bie reizie machâpazy eima za hnei pathao ngâ bâ hrapa a châ. He he achhâpa cha hmasiena ta eima reih hmâpa maniah apananopa vâta a châ. Tahmâ he India sawhkhâ ta Maraland nata âzaopa liata project laipa sâno – Kaladan Multi- Modal Transit Project nata Kolodyna Hydel Project- hria pathao haipa châ ta, hezy he patlôpa a cha tita châ Mara râh he sôdaohna supipa nata chito ypakhyna a vaw châ thei awpa a châ. Cha tita ‘Mara reih’ duasu awhpa he kheita a cha aw vâ tly? Eima pabosa thei lymâ aw ma? tahpa he pachâkhi âkhipa a châ.

Sâsarina liata cha, Zawpi hnohta thâtih chhona (Media- Television, Radio, Thâtihbu, etc.) zy he reih hmâpa panano theituh chaipa châ ei ta, reih hropa pahno thaina nata hmâ thei awpa ta zawpizy pachutuh chaipa nata âchhi theituh chaipa chhao ama châ. T.V., Radio, Thâtihbu, Magazine etc. zy he chyhsa palôh pahnietuh chaipa châ ei ta, nôpawzy dei châleipa ta thyutliapa nata hawtizy hro liata reihpahniena hlupi chhao ama hnei thei hra. Achô liata palasapa ‘Media’ nazy he khih chhôh nata râh chhôh liata hmâpa reih châleipa ta reih hropa, khichhaipa reih hmâpa a cha khiata châ piekheipa reih (native language) siesaipa ta reih hropa hmâ kho viana zawpi ta ama hnei via lymâ aw. Khichhôh reih disaona chhaichhi pha chaipa cha ‘media’ he a châ.

Mara râh chhôh liata khihpi viapa Siaha nata Tipa liata nohcharei thâtihbu puapazy he ‘Lushai reih’ tah ropa a châ. Mara reih ta ropa lâ a chy ta, reitlâh chhao hmâh cha vei. Atliata tawhta Siaha (Zero Point, Amobyu, Kaochao liazy chhao atliata liana khata NSV nazy ta Local Cable ama za pazao khai ha bâ hra) nata Tipa liazy cha Local Cable TV lâchhâh ârapasuana thata y ta, Local Cable TV hmâpa ta âtaopasuana nata programme hro hropazy (Thâtih thiepa phuana, pahnosana, Advertisement, Film- Mizo reih lata paliepa nata Conference, Pakhypi nata function nano nanopa âhmâna zy papua tyhpa a châ) chhao hmâ lymâpa a châ hra. Hezy liata reih hmâpa he ahluvia cha (80%) cha ‘Lushai reih’ hmâpa a châ hra. Hezy heta Mara reih châ thata padiahsa ta, pikheipa reih mohnaona thyutliapazy palôh liata a pahneisa thei hra ei.

Bietlâh pakyuna.

Keimo Mara sawzy he zaw, ‘Mara Reih’ he pasona châh pahnopa ta eima reih he eima khâsia hmeiseih tlai ma? Achô liata eima za rei hapa duahmo lianazy khita eima dua mâh hra ma? Mara reih hmasiena nata tahmâ taihta aduasu tlâhpipa za rei ha hra pita, Mara reih duahmo he apha khao tlai ma? Reih thi haipa a châ thei hra aw ma? tahpa hiahhrinazy he achô liata khizaw liata reih hmâ haipazy duahmo nata chhichâna eima za rei hapazy khi palôh lia âthei thlâna chôta ‘Mara reih’ chôchâh he pachâpahmao heih thei sihla eikhopa vâta tlolei kawna chôta he biebipa he a vaw roh heih chyu chyuhpa ei châ.

‘Mara Reih Tlâ Parei Maw Sy’

References:

1. Holy Bible (Mara Version), The Bible Society of India, Bangalore, 2007.

2. Prof. John McWhorter, The Story of Human Languages, Part i – iii, The Teaching Company Limited Partnership, 2004.

3. Lorrain, R. A. Rev., Five Years in Unknown Jungle for God and Empire, Lakher Pioneer Mission, London, 1912.

4. Nazee Khaila (ed.), Nohzuah: A Souvenir of Special Issue on the Occasion of Maraland Gospel Centenary 1907 – 2007, Mara Chanô Py (H) Siaha, 2007.

5. Rev. J. R. Sanga (ed.), Marapa nata Thâtihpha: Maraland Gospel Centenary Book Series No. 1, Evangelical Church of Maraland, Siaha, 2007.

6. Dr. Chawngkhuma Chawngthu, Mara Khawtlang Nun, Mizoram Publication Board, Aizawl, 2005.

7. F. Vanalha, Mara Ramah Zirna Meichher Chhituh Te, Mizoram Board of Publication, Aizawl, 2003.

8. Mylai Hlychho, Marapa Râh, Hro, Nôcha nata Khisahna Alaichadaina, Author, Aizawl, 2007.

9. Statistical Hand Book, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Mizoram, Aizawl, 2006.

10. Statistical Hand Book, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Mizoram, Aizawl, 2008.

11. Saiha District Statistical Hand Book, District Research Officer Economics Statistics, Saiha, 2005.

12. Chatlai, Mara Reih nata Mara Châ Pahnosiana, in www.maraland.org

13. Machâ S. Hrachu, Eily kaw tyh, in www.marasaw.com

14. www.wikepedia.co

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Note: Târi noh 27^th Phiata, 2009 khata www.maraland.net liata he article he published pa a châ.

Note: He article he PDF file ta download theipa a cha; Click here to download (right click ta direct download ta a save thei ta, left click ta window thiehpa liata apahy awta, save button hmapa ta save thlah awpa a cha).

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Comments (8)

• |2009-10-27 10:59:02 Sam
  Siaha district population kha bahta adoleina a y ngyu aw. Ko 2001 liata 61,056 chata, ko 7 khola 2008 liata 48,418 a zatla syulyu haw. Siaha khihpi hmahta 29,000 a kho khiah cha Mara rah popaloh cha alie khata a hluhvia awpa ta pangiasapa a cha. Achhiechai ta 60,000 khola cha eima cha cheingei aw 2008 lia cha. He he samaw.com liata ama no-ah zie ama post haw. http://samaw.com/population-of-saiha-district-decreases-from-2001-t...
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• |2009-10-27 17:04:55 NB.SILA  - Mara rei khokheina Aro tupa Paw Mama he aly tla a
  Eima rah nata chipho châ ta hmo miakha tao awpa tlyma, charo awpa, chabu papua awpa tlyma he arairu ngasapa a cha.Nopaw viapa zy hmata ama buaba kheikawpa a cha. He hawpa CHA ro awpa he eima khi nata rah ky pachahmeisei ta y chakhy leipa ta sievawna maita apacha hualua viapa dei taotheipa a cha.
  
  Chadeichavei atlychakaena hlupi chhao ângiahei. Cha reihlu awpa chhao angia. Chahawta atly chakaena (ref hlupi taopa chhaota CHIPHO châna / ky acha vata atloleina chhao a y lyma thei aw.
  
  Hehaw ta atlongaitapa nata akaw ngaitapa ta miana vawropa theipa vata na cholia ta thata alyna eihnei. Hehaw ta Marapa châna zy he akaw viapa ta mia vawro/ tiamapa thei lyma bei ula, keimo apahno maleipa zy chapi ta arona zie nata asozie he reithei awpa rei chavei.
  
  Achhapa cha hawpa hmo yzie zy he Pahnokho kawpa chhaota Phusa nata daiti hlupizy pahryu hra ei sila pahno thei awpa nata hmothei awpa aru ngasa.
  
  Chavata hehaw ta mia na tiama theitupa Paw Mama cholia ta thata alyna ei cha hnei.
  
  Paw Sila.
  Yangon.
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• |2009-10-28 07:19:07 Anonymous  - very important issue
  Thanks to Mama, for highlighting the serious cultural threat which Marara is confronting today.
  
  The threat is real and not exaggeration. If we look at the trend among young children in and around Siaha, many of them can no longer speak Mara( any of the 5 dialects). worse, many of these young people who now adopt Lusei(Dulian) as their medium of communication are born out of Mara parents who are still speaking Mara!!. At times, one can not avoid this adoption of another language owing to various compulsion- religion,economic, social location,etc.Yet, lack of sensitivity shown by many Mara parents deserves attention. Many parents failed to convince their children not to use Lusei at home or reprimanded them when they used Lusei, which is why many young people gradually swithch over from their mother tounge to Lusei language.
  
  Another steps in preserving mara is to inculcate a sense of pride among young people to use it in various situation. In this regard, it is another disturbing trend that some of the mara students studying in various cities(Delhi, bangalore, chennai, etc.) often feel shy to use it in front of Lusei speaking friends for fear of being looking at differently. Personally, if any friends from Aizawl, Lunglei, etc. look at me differently just becouse I am using mara-vytu let them do so. After all, it is better not to pay too much importance to how others will perceive us.It is better to bear some kind of prejudice/teasing(eng tawng nge a, Mara tawng hi a har bik e, ka hre thiam ve lo,etc.) than forgetting or adopting another language for mother tounge is one of the most precious creation of god.
  jams
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• |2009-10-31 15:55:23 Lai Lai  - Na pavah a chhih ngaita kaw.....
  He article he rei nahta, na pavah a chhih hmeiseih. Mara thyutliapa Mara kyh a pachha hmeiseihzy chata rei cheingei awpa chi a cha. He article heta Mara reih duahmo siano kawpa ta palasa ta, eima reih duahmo a sia kawpa ta eima pahno chyu awpa a peimawh.
  
  Mara Reih he a lei awpa Marasaw ahy hmah ta pasai mapi, a lei awpa chhao cha hra vei. Anodeikua, ahy hro ku lia hmah ta Mara reih a lei nata lei lei awpa a pahnieh leipa ta, Marasawzy ku liata tlao a pahnieh. Cha naihta Mara reih a lei lei n'awpa chata nama nata keima eima peimawh.
  
  Mara reih he MARA eima cha tahpa palasatuhpa sakha za cha ta, Marasaw zydua ta Tlaikaopa reih za chei khai mawh sih la, Mara eima chana a lei ha aw. Mara no-eih ta eima y tahpa palasatuh chaipa chhao MARA REIH eima hnei vata he a cha pachaih. Eima material culture zy he cha noh nata daihti sie lyma hawhta eima hma nata hnei khao leipa a y lyma. Anodeikua, Mara Reih he cha khizaw liata MARA tahpa a y chhohta a y awpa a peimawh.
  
  Hmo sakha ei papeimawhsa kaw tyhpa cha, Cho Khazoh heta khazia ma Mara Reih ano-eih ta maniah pie ta, Mara Phopi hawhta maniah padua hra va tly? Eima reih cheingei ta Ano reithai hra awpa maniah a khohpa vata ma a cha aw va tly? "Chito photo ta ama reih chyuta Abeipa cha reithai se..." ama tahpa hawh heta Cho Khazoh ta Marasawzy he MARA REIH tlai ta eima reithai hra awpa he a khoh khia maw? Keimo chi chyh ngaitapa ..reih no-eih maniah pie ta, cha reih cheingei ta Ano reithai hra awpa maniah khohpa cha..eima vahnei kaw dia maw...Ano hmia eima hmo tita, Mara Reih ta bie maniah chho maw sala, Mara Reih ta palie thai leipa cha ha sih la, kheita e Cho Khazoh ta maniah pacha aw? Abeipa hmo chhuahpa paki awpa ta cha MARA REIH eima pahlei lei awpa a ngia.
  
  Ahnei pahlao chochah kha he article liata palasa ta, keima chhaota ei papeimawhsa ngaita kaw. He heta MARA REIH pahleina khy liata a lai ngasa hra. Khazia ma a cha aw va tly, Marasawzy pi he chihro-phohropa lahpi-vahpa chata eima hnei nahta, eima saw nata tuzy ta MARA Reih ama chei pazao khao va tly i? Hawtizy ta no reih (Mother's Tounge) ama chei tyh ama tah...keimo deikua Mara chano ta Tlaikaopa nata chihropa a hnei chhaota Mara Reih a sawnah ta chei pyly veih ei...Eima chano -nah deikua pacha thai sih la, Mara Chapaw tah chihropa eima hnei chhaota eima saw-nah he la MARA REIH cheingei pacheisa eima chhuah chyu awpa a peimawh. Ahnei pahlao awpa he MARA REIH abohna n'awpa ta pha vei, anodeikua lei thei leina kyh a y thei, eima rei thei lei awpa...cha daihti liata MARA REIH lyma sy eima tu nah sawzy chei awpa ta.
  
  Eima maluh chhao he eima papoh lyma awpa a peimawh MARA reih nata chi pabohsa awpa ta... Eima maluh a hlu ha khiata cha..Mara saw Mara Reih a chei leipa ama y chhaota, maluh hlupi ta Mara reih eima chei pazao lyma aw...he heta mara reih eima rah liata a tlai kawpa ta eima reih eima cheih lyma thei aw.
  
  Achhana liata ei rei khohpa cha....Marasawzy eima hmaopakhyna liata MARA BIBLE eima chairman ta maniah pareisa chyu ta, cha liata ahy hmah ta pahnia kawpa ta rei papua thei tla mapi...He heta ei paloh eina pasa sah ngaita. Cha thai a tahpa Marasawzy ta Mara reih roh nata rei thai tla khao mapi...ahy e Mara reih roh nata rei thai awpa ta eima so? Khatlu ta hmah cha thai hra sih la, eima pikhei reih roh nata rei eima thai vei khiata cha, eima cha thaina ta yzie za hnei hmeiseih aw vei...Mara thyutlia, aviapa chaita cha thai a tahpazy chata, Mara reih he a roh nata rei dah keimo khoh ta a chu pathi ta eima thai khai chei ngei awpa a byuh ha ba....cha cha Mara reih a lei lei n'awpa kao kha a cha hra.
  
  mara reih tla lyma maw sy !
  
  
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• |2009-11-07 15:43:23 Chatlai
  He hawhpa athu kawpa ta chakhiecharie kawna chota ropa article pha kawpa he eima peimawh hluh hmeiseih. Marasawzy eima mopasiana nata hmasiena chata he hawhpa lachhah article he eima rei hluh awpa a peimawh hleikhota, biehneituhpazy chhao ama rei lyma awpa ta a copy zy he pie theipa cha ei sala aly achhih kaw hra aw.
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• |2009-11-13 13:11:45 Anonymous  - pure mara gyu
  alyna pachhi kwna,mara saw zy pita he hawta khatima eima palo arao theiva tly i tapa sai eipacha keimala,,,,hmial to lyma suvy, mara chata.
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• |2010-02-27 13:28:05 rock
  u fool' and narrow-minded hypocrite' .just study hard .we live in global village.k.
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• |2010-02-27 15:46:37 Khapa Na rei?  - re:
  rock wrote:

  u fool' and narrow-minded hypocrite' .just study hard .we live in global village.k.

  tahpa a vaw rohtuhpa ahy maw na nua hra bao? article athyutuhpa ma na nua, a cha vei khiah a cho liata comment tuhpazy maw? Yzie hnei kawpa ta comment he bah pie tyh sila apha kaw taraw aw... yzie hneileipa he la admin-zy ta tla vaw delete ula a pha via ngyu na... mo-ai a chhih kaw..
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