A ko chareih chyhsa poh pita, Ti pathai nietlahpa deikua a ko chareita a chyh via lyma hai. Ti leipa ta khihsa thei tlo leipa pi ta, ti peimawhnazy, a hmah chadoh peimawhnazy, rah pabohsa a peimawhnazy liata zawpizy eima vaw hra via thei nawpa ta 'World Water Day' he ko charei ta hmah tyh pa a cha. He article pha kawpa he ary liata rei pazao ma y...
WORLD WATER DAY
2010 THEME: CLEAN WATER FOR A HEALTHY WORLD
( Khizaw hnatlah pha nawpata ti pathaipa sy)
By A. Solai
Central Academy For State Forest Service, Dehradun.
Ministry of Environment & Forest. Gov't of India.
A ko charei chysa poh pita , Ti pathai nietlapa deikua a ko chareita a chy via lyma hai. Ti leipa ta Khihsa thei tlo leipa pi ta , Ti peimawhnazy, a hmah chadoh peimawhnazy , Rah pabohsa a peimawhnazy liata zawpizy eima vaw hra via thei nawpata World Water Day he a ko charei ta hmah ty pa a cha.
Ko 1992 ,Brazil khipi Rio de Janeiro liata United Nation Conference on Environment & Development ama hneihna tawta World Water day he hmah awpata pachhuah panohpa a cha. UN General Assembly ta, UNCED recommendations chapter 18 (Fresh water resources) pa peimawhsa pata March 22 he World Water Day chata a vaw phuah. Ko 1993 tawta he noh he hmah pa thaohpa a cha.
March 22, World Water day eima vaw tlohei liana heta ti sohnazy nata rah pabohsa a peimawhnazy liata marasawzy hmah vaw sie via si la tapa khohna paloruh hneihna chota he article he ei vaw rohpa a cha.. Mara reih grammer a do leina a hly kaw nata eipa ngiasa , vaw reitupazy nama pahnoh thaina ei cha haw hmeiseih eih. He noh pa peimawhsa pa ta, Ti duasuh a choh kawpata vaw pa la sa ei chhuah aw.
Q. Ti he khapa maw acha ?
Ti cha Hydrogen atom 2 nata Oxygen atom 1 ta taopa acha. Hydrogen nata Oxygen apazaoh(join) tawh ta la, a ih (strong bond) tu ba ta, pachhaih heipa chhaoh a rairuh ngasa ba, chanaita Ti cha Very Stable compound ama vaw ta ty pa a cha. Compound hropa la na chakua sa(frozen) tlyma , na pa sa (heated to high temperature) khiatala a rainao kawpata a molecule a pachhaih thei aw. Ti molecule deikuala Electric energy(electrolysis) nata chemical apachaih ta potassiumzy etc ngala ta a pa chhaih theih. For eg: Potassium a chyta tlyma ti liata na thla khiatala a pa(explode) aw, achhahpa la Ti kha Hydrogen nata Oxygen lata a pa chhaih naita a cha.
Ti he Universal Solvent ta pa ta vaw pahnohpa a cha hra, achhahpa la Hmoh titi (Liquid) hropazy hlata substances a pazaoh(dissolve) hlu thei viapa naita a cha. Lei(ground) liata mineralszy nata nutrientszy he Ti ta a pazao tawta Thoko_ sihnah (plants) zy ta ama laiseihna(growth) chata a ma vaw hmah typa acha. Cha hawna chata , eima popa (bodies) liata chemical, minerals nata nutrientszy he Ti ta a pazao khai tawta hrohna chata eima sa pa ta rai ahriahna su peihmawhna (vital organs and system) la zy a phao (transfer) lyma ty pa a cha. Ti a y leipa acha khiatala, he eima chhoh liata Nutrientszy he hmah tla cha aw va eih. Chanaita Ti cha eima hrohna chata hmoh peihmawh ngaitapa hry liata sakha1 a cha. Achuhpazy ta ama reina dah ta cha, chysa he pati nie leipata noh 6 a hroh thei nota Ti leipa deikua noh 4 ngala a hroh theih ama ta.
1. Khavata maw Khizaw liata Ti he a ziehva(amount) a ualuah (constant) ngala ta, ti pathaipa(Fresh water) a chy nga kaw tlo?
Water cycle vata ti aziehpa cha a ualua ngala ha ata theih aw. Water cycle cha Ti hmah thei awh pata vaw y ta, eima hmah chiehpa/ eima hmah hma leipa, hmah thei hei aw pa ta vaw y hei pa he a cha. A siezie(process) he su 4 lata a pachhaih thei aw.
1st Stage; EVAPORATION.
Noh(sun) ta tilaipizy ,chavazy,tipozy etc a za chhoh pa la loh(warm) nata, Ti chophoh(surface) cha ti hu(vapour) lata avaw lie ta , vah rua la a khy ly ma.
2nd Stage; CONDENSATION;
Ti hu cha a khy sa nata vaw cha kua via lyma ta, va rua liata ti hu cha ti hloh (condense liquid) lata a vaw lie, Meido( clouds) khi a cha.
3rd Stage; PRECIPITATION;
Meido liata ti y pa cha a vaw pacho (condense) hlu ta, a vaw hrihtu nata , ziza(air) khata vaw patu pahnieh khao leita , lei la ta parei(hailstones)zy, vazy(rain) a za sua tu pa he a cha.
4th Stage; COLLECTION
Va a za sua nata ti cha lei ry la a ngia ba (Ground Water). vasuati hropa deikua rahmah phapa a y leipa naita lei avaw ih ta (less soil porosity) Ti cha lei ry lia apa choh(collect) khao leita , lo lyma ta Tilaipizy, chavazy etc a za pahly hei. He stage liana heta thata hmah eima la pa a byu hmeihseih.
Khizaw Ti yna zieh (total amount) a nanoh lei nota , Ti pathaipa (fresh water) dekua a chy via nga hai. Achhah pa la eima khizaw no pha khao leipa ta, Rahmah phapa water catchment area zy pabosana cha pahnoh leipa pita, Global warming va zy ta eima ti pathaipa hnawh Dahaw tla(Glaciers) zy cha vaw ti(melt) ly ma ta, tilaipi la vaw lo ta, ti iahpa (saline water) la avaw lie khai haw. Eima rahmahzy eima paraotu naita, nopi(summer) nota lei ry/Ti hnawhzy cha evaporation rate thata a vaw sa nai ta, eima Tihnawhzy vaw kua ta, Ti rairuna thata eima tyh ty pa a cha.
Q. Khazia tilaipi ti he nietlah aw pa ta eima tao vei?
Khizaw liata 9/10th ti he Tilaipi lia a y. Tilaipi ti he ti iahpa chata nie tla cha vei.Tilaipi ti litre1 liata Alo(salt) 35 gm(aprox) y lyma hawta hisahpa a cha. Alo hleikho ta minerals gold zy magnesium zy chhao achyta a y hra. Tilaipi liata Alo zydua he la papua(remove) va chasala, Khizaw lei liata a raoha (proportionate) kawta eima pathluh khia 152metre hlata chhaoh chhah via aw hawta hisahpa a cha. Tilaipi Ti iah pathaina(desalination process) he khizaw liata ti rairuhna pathlah pazi nawpata a lai (massive scale) kawpata sie kheipa a cha khiah ta cha, he process by products Alo ahluhpi vaw y awpa kha apahleih padia nawpa a rairu ngasa (chysapa/khizaw ta Alo eima mamawhna zie he chy tlo ta.) Chahleikhoh ta he Desalination process ta Ti pathaipa atao papuahna mah(production cost) he a ru kaw.
Anodeikua , Ti rairuhna rah/rah chawhpa/ tilaipi ti ta achadohna rah he Kuwait nata Gulf states zy lia deikuala , taolei khalei ta, fresh water sources ama hneih leipa naita Desalination plants he ama padua hluh kaw, Ama khihchhoh main water supply tu pa chhao a cha.
GLOBAL STOCK OF WATER
71% of the Earth Surface is covered with water.
97% of that 71% is water in saline water(Sea).
2.4% of that 71% is water contained in Glaciers, polar ice caps and under ground.
The remainder a mere 0.6% of 71% of the Earth water is in surface water bodies such as lakes, river etc available for direct Human consumptions.
(*source: Ministry of Water Resources, Gov`t of India.)
He Data taw heta khizaw liata ti pathaipa achy zieh nata a rairuh zie eima pahnoh pasiah nata ei pa ngiasa. Khizaw liata Ti 0.6% ngala he hmatheih/nietlah awpata a y ta na a cha.
Ti cha “ Oil of the 21st century” tah pa ta amo vaw bih pa a cha hra. Ti y leipa ta Rah vaw hmahsieh thei khao vei. Niedo awpa ngala ta ti he hmah khao ma pi, Akhyhawpa Industry/Factory mah ti hmah leipa ta rai a hriah thai khao hra vei. India ta Nuclear Power Plant a buakhei ngapazy he, eima Hydro-electric power plant zy ta maniah akhi khao lei vata a cha. India rah Economic a pahniehna cha agriculture sector he chata , cha Agriculture sector cha water resource a pha lei khia hmahsieh thai ri mapa cha vei. 2009 Economic crisis achhapa hry liata sakha(1) kha ti vata ta lei thaipa cha vei, nohkah(drought), vasua a chy vata crop productions chy ta, ahmieh nata saphah mah vaw ruh ta,hmoh(commodities) hrohpa mah chhaoh thata avaw pa sa hra. Atahmah taita Economic inflation rate liata India eima buah la chy hi.
Khizaw History liata adohna(war) eg Gulf war, WW1,WW2 etc a hluh viapa zy kha petroleum resourcezy, power annexation kho vata zy acha. Anodeikua, he 21st century tawta la Ti (water resources) a chhuhna vata Future War he la acha ba nata pangiasa a chhi.
Rah rihna chocha liata khapa vata maw? China ta India a vaw pabua nga kaw ta khiala, achhah lai kawpa cha Ti hnaw pha ngai ta pa Himalayan Glaciers a vaw chhuh kho hra naita na acha.
Kerela state nata Tamil Nadu state atahmah taita ama hmiahaoh la chyna chhapa zy khu, Cauvery River , ama water supply chata achhuhna vata zy a cha. He leipa ta News eima mo khiah rei aw pa a hlu kaw aw.
Zako 2009,18th August National Conference on Ministers of Environment & Forest Delhi, Vigyan Bhawan liata hneihpa cha , Dehradun, CASFoS official la tawta za hlao hra nata. India sawkha ta Environment protection la thata hmah la a chhuah zie pahnoh pi ta ly a chhi kaw. Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan singh ta Environment address ta daihti a pa hy khai tawta, shri. Jairam Ramesh Minister of E&F chairman na ry liata daihti hmahpa chata.Agenda rei pahmaohpa hry liata he WWD alyna chata ei vaw ro khopa cha India phohry liata chava ama pa peimawhsa kawpa Ganga River he a cha. Ganga river a puava pathai nawpata GCP (Ganga Cleaning Programme) a ma vaw sie khei chiehpa cha , a pha via pata rai hriah pazao hei aw pa ta pathlu pa acha.
He programme chata Rs 500crore , ko 2010 – 2011 fiscal awpa chata Union Government ta a sanction va cha achy pa ta pahnohpa a cha nai ta, Empower Steering Committee on NGRBA ta project phase1 chata Rs 1394.11crore pie bai chhi awpa ta December 2009 khata a vaw pa ry sa heipa a cha. He project hriah aw pa States na zy cha Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal nata Uttarakhand zy he a ma cha aw. He project phusa he Development of sewer networks, Sewage treatment plants,Sewage pumping stations, Electric crematoria, Community toilets,Development of river fronts, Resuscitation of canals nata Public Campaign chata zy ta hmah aw pa acha. Ko 2020 hlata hlaotlona hmoh hmah aw pa ta pa ngiasa pa acha,Khipi hnaihny pachhaih pazaoh lei pa(untreated municipal sewage) nata Industry/factory hnaihny zy cha Ganga river liata pathla pasai cha aw vei. He zieh Phusa hmahpa Gov`t of India ta a pasai la pa he, ly a chhi kaw. India sawkha chhao environment issue liata thata a vaw hra ba ta na a cha NGRBA(National Ganga River Basin Authority) liata Chairman cha Prime Minister a cha.
Empower Steering Committee on NGRBA liata Chairman deikua Secretary to Gov`t of India, Ministry of E&F a cha.
Khizaw chava pathaichaipa hry liata ala theih pa , London khipi chhoh liata a lo ngapa Thames River he zakhano cha chava pualeipa/ti thu tapa ta ama vaw rei ty pa kha chata. He chava liata ama ngai asih ty pa zy, ti a zawh ty pa zy kha thata pasahna hri water borne diseases ama vaw vei ty pa kha chata. Anodeikua 1960 taw khata British sawkha ta thata hma vaw la ta, ama Industry, factory, municipal sewagezy etc chava liata thy vaw pa khah ta, a strict kaw pata dah(law) ama vaw sie kheipa cha Chava pathai chaipa la ta ama vaw pa lie thei la ha.
Eima khazohpa ta Mara rah, tlah rah pha ngai kawpa liata maniah pa y sa ta, viahrah by zy hawta ti pualeipa (polluted water) hneih hraoh ma pi. Chysa moleipa thokha naw ,chava liata Ngasa a chyta a ma pa tu thei naw pata chamaih Chemicals DDTzy, Bleaching powder zy a hlupi a ma dai ty ta na eima chava ti zy a vaw pualei ty pa a cha. Rahmah thokozy eima thlu nasa tu naita eima ti hnawh zy vaw chy ta, a ko charei Ti rairu na la eima pa ngai lyma kaw.
Eima MARARAH liata chhiehna laipa eima ty hmeiseih hlata , eima Environment(rahmahzy, Chavazy,Rahsazy etc,) he a paraohtupa cha khao leipa ta apabohsatupa cha ba su vy. He leita Rah hropa hnei ma pi.
Note: He article pha kawpa a vaw thyutuhpa he A. Solai cha ta, atahma ta Dehradun liata Gov't of India ta achuna phapa apaduapa Central Academy For State Forest Service (CAFoS) ry liata SFS (State Forest Service) Officer (2008 batch) training a hneihaipa ta a ropa a cha. A cho liata eima ly hmeiseih.
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|2010-03-23 14:58:16 Jk...Aijal ..novah hlava a vawA Solai, College Vaih satlia..Novah hlava avaw navaw pa chhi hmeiseih. charo pha kawpa novah hlavana pha kawpa a cha. Va chhao na avw chhi kaw..
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|2010-03-26 09:44:08 A limit pahno suh"..Thokha cha mara reih ta article roh hla cha english nata maw rei ama tly via tyh. Mara reih ta rohpa he khachâ phahnai vei tlao ama ta tyh. He hawhpa chyhsa na he ahrupa, nokhi leipa ama cha kho kaw...."
Reikah a chado via suh.Comment he y zie hnei viapa ta piepa a chhuah chyu suh.. Mara rei pabosa peimaw na zie zy, roh hlu nata chei hlu peimaw na zie zy eima pahno khai.Anodeikua Maraland.net visitors hryh lia heta TLosai-Mara rei kho da hawta ro thei leipa eima y holo. English ta article/comment eima piepa zy he english eima pathai sa kaw va zy, Mara rei ta ropa pahnai vei eima ta va zy cha tiarah vei..Mara rei ta ropa eima confi tu leiva tlao a cha hrih.(English ta comment/article roh typa zy chhao ta Mara rei roh thai via lymapa eima chhua hrah awhpa a cha)........MH.James
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|2010-03-27 16:52:54 Mama Chozah - Article pha kawpa a cha.Satliapa A. Solai article rohpa he pachuna pha kawpa a cha. Thatih reihna dah liata cha Siaha khihpi ti nie awpa chata Titlao chavah pump awpa ta patohtia haipa a chapa hawhta reihpa a cha. Titlao he keima mopakha hmona dah ta cha Siaha khihpi 'di' (apuapa to lopakhyna su) a chapa hawhta ei hmona dah a cha. Tahma ta SAWHKHA patohtiana hawhta sie lymapa cha khiata cha Siaha khihpi liata chyhsa pahrapazy ta ti eiam nie awpa he pathai thai aw vei tah theipa a cha aw. Cha thota, ko a vaw y lai lyma awpa liata he chavah chheihpa rahhmahapazy he eima pabohsa leipa cha khiata cha ti chhao a kua via lai lyma thei hra aw. Chavata, tahma ta Satliapa A. Solai reihpa hawhta eima ti niepa nata apuana hnawh zy he eiam khasia awpa a peimawh ngai ta kaw. Article hropazy chhao roh via lyma awpa ta he article a rohtuhpa hnota ei khokheina nata ahawna chhao ei taopa hra. Ei ly hmeiseih..
Tawhta, acho liata comment tuapazy pachana ama reihpa 'Article' rohna chochah liata Mara reih nata English hmana chochah ama reihpe he athu viapa ta eima pacha peimawh chyuhpa he hmopha kawpa a cha. English he International common language a chana hawhta khatai liarai y sihla eima hma lai thei awpa a peimawh kaw. Cheina cha ngalah liata hma thaipa chhao adai leipa ta arohpa chhao thai kawpa he eima chhuah chyu awpa apha. Maraland.net liata Englsih ta article ama rohpa nata comment ama rohpazy chhao hmopha kawpa a chapa ta ei pahno.
Marapazy pihe eima vadua hmeiseih. Eima rah chhoh liata achuna, a eih viapa ta Vernacular subject pachuna kyh liata eima hnai kaw. Chyhsa hluhpi cha Mara Reih --- Reih dah nata Roh dah thai hmeiseih leipa ta College nata University a kiahpa hawpa eiam hluh kaw. Comment tua chaipa liata "Mara reih ta Article rohpa he hachâ phahnai vei tlao ama ta tyh" tahpa he beidopa cha nata pangiasa va na. Marapasaw pi he article nata chabu chhao rai chasala rohpa pahahsa kawpa eima chyh kaw. Cha thota reih hropa ta article aroh tyhpa pahnopa ama chy kaw hra. Mizo ta article a roh theipa Marasaw eima chy kaw. Cha hawhta English ta a roh theipa chhao eima chy hla pyly hra.
Chavata, reihka eima hmapa he a chado chyu sihla pha aw. Maraland.net liata Englsih ta comment pa nata article rohpazy he Mara Reih ama thai pasia lei vata a cha thei. Cha hawhpazy nazy chhao cha Mara reih roh thai awpa ama chu hra awpa cha. Ama pikheina reih a cha va ta. Tawhta Englis ta article ama vaw rohpa he hmopha kawpa a cha. Ch hro pho hropazy ta Marapa zy eiam thatih maniah pahno pasia via theina lapi pha kawpa a cha.
Achha chaina liata cha ahyrai.......Marapa sawzy maih ta cha Mara reih eh paso chi thei sihla, reih hropazy chhao ahluh theina hawhta thai eima chhuah chyu hra awpa a pha. English chhochhi he cha thai khai thei sihla...Mara reih palaiseihsa nawpa kyh liata thata lapi phapa maniah pahypa tuhpa a cha thei hra aw.
Mama Chozah
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|2010-03-30 14:34:08 Lenin - Logicaly healthy :)Siaha PHE Dept he Govt of Mizoram tawhta la pata Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC)kuh liata sohpa cha hasala tipathaipa zy eima dao via ma? Tlao hna tla leina zy a poh via ma?
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|2010-04-16 09:50:49 Chapman - Theory again.Do u still mean to say, "Afforestation is my birth Right",cha thla ma(am i right)!
Despite a 20% indepth analytical observations and argumentations, there is still a sort fall in your article,with regard to datas(Mara rah Water and Forest resources)?.
So, seems you are ready for direct and immediate action to activate the process of filterisation of stream water below your shelter or complex!
Because, an old saying goes,"Water,Water,Water everywhere,but not a single drop to drink".
You have a well design article once again.However,summing up of your article,need of hour is "Awareness".
A simple question: How many bucket of Water do you use per bathing?
My mom and dad constantly use only one(1) bucket of water per bath,even though they keep on awaring me of scarcity and optimal use of water,but i couldn't help,3 buckets per bath is my routine.But certainly, downsizing from 3 to 2 to 1 atlast is the options i have,which is to brought about in a phase manner. So, what about you? he he....
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|2010-04-17 16:09:38 A.solaiDear, Mr Chapman...
My intention of writing this article is to give a clear picture of what water is all about and this is not only a theoritical concept as you have mentioned, this is what the world is struggling for at this present moment....., and it is too practical. Hope,This article will answer you, why"Water,Water,Water everywhere,but not a single drop to drink?....... If you have any better, innovative idea to recharge your water resources other than forest coservation and afforestation..... You are most welcome and honoured... he heee
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