Mara reih a vaw thao tua ko he chyhsa hluhpi ta pahnopasia leipa pita debate zy chhao a y tyh hra. He article hmahpa heta Rev. Zakha ta Kuki-Chin-Mizo phozy hry liata Mara cha a uhthei chai zie avaw ropa he vaw reih chyu tua ei si.
Mara Cha Thatih - Mara Language History
by Rev. Za Kha,
Locheipi, Camp: Hiakha
Friday, 31 July 2009
Biehmiapa
Ei pachalei pata ei viasapa Lelairah Paw Laiki B. A. [Psychology] ta phone na vawchhy ta Sayaci Dr. Bawi Hu [B. A., Ed., B. Ed. B. R. E., D. D.] liata a B. R. E. Thesis a kaw hla awpa nata cha liata Mara cha thati mo aw pata eina vaw chho. Eima hmou lei tawta varopi a cha haw vata ei palou zy aa lie ngaita. Phone chhaota na vawchhy ta a aorei ei thei pacha ei ly hmeisei hra.
Dr. Bawi Hu chabu ropa he eima Letla rah liata cha hropa zy tao tuana thati a hlao hrapa vata reitla a cha kaw hmeisei. A tahma khizaw daiti eima mo nata eima Cha nata eima Cha thati he a tahma Mara sawtlia penaw zy ta eima pahno pasia haba awpa a cha ha ba hra.
Paw Laiki hnota cha Chabu cha paphao thai awpa a cha leipa vata a no nata he thati a rei khopa zy chata tahpata he cha [article] he ei ropa a cha.
Eima hawti nota cha eima Mara Cha he eima Missionary, Rev. R. A. Lorrain ta a taopa a cha tah pata eima pahno. Daiti varo a vaw sie khaota chabu hropa nata thati hropa zy eima hmou lai; thei lai nata eima mapaw Vaili mapaw taopa a cha leizi kha a sia kaw pata hmou theipa a cha. He cha ropa he eima Missionary rei pachhiena nata mohnaona chata cha tiara lei pata eima Cha nata sii, a thati siapa pahno ta eima Mara thyutlia saw zy ta thati dopa eima pahno thei naw pata ropa tlao a cha.
Eima Letlah rah liata Cha thati ropa liata cha eima Mara Cha he uthei chai pata pahnopa a cha. Chabu taona seniority ta mopa a cha khiatacha he hawta a cha.
1. Mara Cha
2. Mizo Cha
3. Siyin Cha
4. Lai Cha tahpata a cha.[1]
Chahrasala ama vaw mo pasia lai via nata eima Le chysa zy hry liata eima Mara Cha hlata a uthei viapa Cha zy cha Khami Cha nata Asho Chin Cha zy ama cha.[2]
A thati siavia pata mo tua ei sila:
I. Khami cha
Khami Cha he Khami nawzy Missionary hmiatua chaipa American Baptist Missionary Rev. Lyman Stilson ta 1841 liata a taopa a cha. Ano deikuacha vadua kaw pata cha Cha cha a tano hmou theipa cha khao vei. Kheihawta ropa a chazi chhao pahno theipa chakhao hra vei. A tano ta hmou theipa Cha cha Anglican Missionary nawta taopa chata Roman alphabet ta 1949 liata taopa a cha haw. Rev. Lyman Stilson rei dah tacha ama taopa cha he Pwo Karen cha yzi hawta taopa a cha pata pahnopa a cha. Khami Biehrai thiepa chabu cha Rev. Francis, Rev. Lambert, Rev. Relay nata Rev. Toe Yoe zyta ama paliepa a cha. 1959 liata chabu ama papua.[3]
II. Asho Cha
Asho Cha a tao tupa cha Rev. Stilson a cha. Khami naw yna Akyab tawta Asho Chin yna la a pasie ta chatawta a vaw taopa a cha. 1842 liata a tao. Ano deikuacha Roman alphabet chaleipata Pwo Karen Cha hawta taopa a cha. Eima Le chysa zy hry liata Roman Alphabet a hma leipa a ma vaw cha.[4]
III. Mara Cha
Mara Cha thati he a kaw via pata reitua ei sila. Chysa thokha ta Mara Cha he eima Missionary Vaili mapaw taopa a cha ama tah ty. Eima missionary hmiazana nata parouh panahsana, pachounousana hawta ama rei ty. Mara Cha he eima Missionary Vaili mapaw taopa chavei tahpa he ano sawthi saleina cha tiara lei pata bie hmeiseipa pahnona nata a chakheina eima hnei awhpata khona tlao a cha hri. Chabu hlupi: Biehrai, Hlabu nata Sunday School a chu awpa, nata School liata a chu awpa hlupi mania taopa ta a chou liata alyna bie hla awpa reitialei eima hnei hmeiseipa a cha. Anodeikuacha bie thabypa nata taona dopa cha eima my beilei awpa a cha hra.
Eima Letlah rah liata noupaw hlupi zy ta eima Mara Cha he a senior ngasa pata ama pahno. He vana heta mania ama za kaw sai. Hehe pacha a byu kaw. Eima Missionary Vaili mapaw ta a taopa cha tlaisala ano he 1907 deita eima rah a vaw tloupa chata a hno chaita a vypa missionary a cha. Eima Cha he ano ta tao tlaisala Letlah liata tao hno chaipa a cha awh.
Eima Mara Cha cha Capt. S. R. Tickell ta 1852 liata Roman alphabet ta a tao tua chai.[5] Chatawta Capt. T. H. Lewin (later Colonel) ta 1869 liata a tao pathi. Anodeikuacha rei tlah awpa nata hmatlah cha awpata a tao tua chaipa cha Lungleh Baptist Missionary Rev. F. W. Savidge a cha. Rev. F. W. Savidge he Mara alphabet he mania taopa ta 1908 liata press liata a chhu papua.[6] 1908 liata "A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language" tahpa chabu a vaw papua.[7] Cha Chabu cha "Eima ku lia tlaita eima chabapa nata eima hmou theipa a cha" tah pata Mara Thati a ro papua thei chaipa N.E. Parry ta a rei.[8] A chabu hmana permission a hmouna vata Rev. Savidge hno chhaota a lyna bie a hla pa houlou.[9] He hnola heta Rev. R. A. Lorrain ta chabu zy he a vaw papua laipa a cha. Rev. R. A. Lorrain ta "A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language" tahpa chabu he taohrata ano a thi khao Feb. 1, 1949 liata eima Missionary Rev. Albert Bruce Lorrain Foxall ku liata Assam Government ta ama papua.[10] He "A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language" chabu, Rev. Savidge ropa nata Rev. R. A. Lorrain ropa "A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language" chabu he ama bietla zy taphie a lao khai taraw pata he chabu he Rev. Savidge ropa ei quote tahpa eima mapaw Vailimapaw bie a y leipa vata a quote ma quote veima tapa rei theipa chavei. Cha chabu chhao a hmou ba, hmou ba leina pahno theipa cha hra vei. Vaili mapaw ta Mara Cha a taona (Compile) ky rei bei vei. Mania tao chiepa ei pathiehpahlah tahpa rei hra vei. Anodeikuacha eima Cha nata hlabie zy mania taopa ta, eima Cha a palaiseisa tupa a cha vata a chou liata a lyna bie hla awpa rei tialei eima bah sai. Eima Holy Bible nata a chu awpa hlupi mania taopa tupa a cha vata eima ly hmeisei. Ano myleina nata a thei kouzaw nawpata a thati nata a raihriana chyupa eima ro tua hra awh. (Note: Rev. Lorrain thatih a ropa he Mara Cha thatih rona liata reinga awpa apazao-pakhina a y lei vata so leipa a cha. )
IV. Mizo Cha
Mizo Cha a thaona pahno tua chaipa zy cha he hawta a cha. Lt. Col. Thomas Herbert Lewin, Deputy Commissioner of the Chittagong Hill Tracts ta 1874 liata a ropa "Progressive Colloquial Exercises in the Lushai Dialect" tahpa nata Assistant Surgeon Brojo Nath Shaha, Civil Medical Officer, Chittagong District ta 1884 liata a ropa "Grammar of Lushai Language" zy he pahno tua chaipa zy cha ama cha. Hetaw heta Baptist Missionary zy Rev. F. W. Savidge nata Rev. James Herbert Lorrain zy he a chu tuahpa nata a ro papua tua chaipa zy ta pahnopa ama cha. He nawzy heta 1892 liat alphabet hma thai awpazy ama tao papua hrapa ta pahnopa a cha.[33]
V. Siyin Cha
Capt. Rundall ta 1891 liata a toapa a cha.[34]
VI. Lai Cha
Lai Cha a tao tuachaipa he Letla rah la awpata a kaw sie hnaopa Monyu pheisai beipa General Simon ry liata a hria hrapa Surgeon Major A. G. E. Newland a cha. He nawzy he ta Hakha khipi he February 14, 1890 liata ama la pa a cha. Newland cha Hakha a kaw tlou tawta Hakha zuanou Si Na nata a hnei eita, 1893 tawta Hakha rei a chuna a hnei lyma. Chatawta Cha taona ky liata liasa thapasana a hnei vata Hakha Cha cha 1894 liata tao pathao ta 1897 liata "A Practical Handbook of The Language of Lai's as Spoken By the Hakhas and Other Tribes of the Chin Hills" tahpa chabu a chhu papua. March 15, 1899 liata a kaw tloupa Baptist Missionary hmiatua chaipa Rev. Arthur E. Carson cha 1900 tawta Hakha (Lai Cha) cha a chu pathao ta chabu tao awh pata khona a hnei. Ano deikua cha ano thaina nata A. G. E. Newland taopa liata palou chana a hnei leipa vata Burma, Prome liata Baptist Missionary Rev. Dr. Harry H. Tilbe Ph. D., D. D., LL. D. cha Lai Cha tao awh pata a sy. February 1900 liata kaw tlou ta chatawta ama tao pathi lai lyma pa a cha.
VII. Laizo nata Kam Hau
Rev. Dr. Herbert Cope ta 1924 liata a tao.[35]
Biekia hmiena
Eima Mara Cha he Capt. S. R. Tickell ta tao tuata, Capt. Lewin ta tao heita cha khai tawta Baptist Missionary Rev. F. W. Savidge ta 1907 liata press liata chhu ta a papua tua chai. Hmatlah cha aw pata nata a chutlah cha awpata eima Mapaw Rev. R. A. Lorrain heta a vaw toa lai lymapa a cha tahpa he eima pahno aw pata a pha kaw.
Rev. A. E. Carson he Biehrai nata Khrihzypa hla chabu zy a vaw tao pathao tuachaipa a cha hra vata Lai Cha a hmapazy ta a tano taita my thei bei hravei ei.
Lai Cha a hmapazy duata Lai Cha a tao tuachaipa he A. G. E. Newland a chavata ano a thei thlaha na'wpata Lai Cha kou 100 tlona Loubou rouna kawpa cha 1997 liata Hakha khipi, Hakha Baptist Church Compound liata ama taopa pahnopa a cha. Keimo Mara thyutlia zydua chhaota eima Mara Cha thaona ky liata he hawta pachana phapa nata a chhuana phapazy eima hnei hra awpata BEIPA KHAZO mota ei chahaw chaima ei.
Eima Mara Cha thaona tawta eima lai chadai khiatacha a tano he kou 157 a pha ha ba aw. Eima mapaw Vailimapaw tawta eima lai chadai khiatacha kou 102 dei a cha awh. Hakha Cha taona hlata kou hraw ta eima nawvia aw. Hmeiseina kyta eima rei khiatacha kou 45 ta eima advance via, eima uthei via hi.
Eima Mara cha pasahsa eisila, kypacha eisila, hmana ky liata liasa tiama ei su vy.
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[1] Bawi Hu, The Source and Development of the Chin Writings. (BRE Thesis. Chin Christian College, Hakha, 1998). p. iv.
[2] CACC, Chin Sining Tuanbia, Hakha, 2006. p. 270.
[3] Ibid., 271.
[4] Ibid., 273.
[5] N. E. Parry, The Lakhers (FIRMA KLM PRIVATE LTD, AIZAWL, First Edition 1932) p. 510
[6] K. H. Beithie, Mara Lei Awsi zy (Tracy Publications, Siaha, 1997) 2.
[7] Parry. 510
[8] Ibid. p. 511
[9] Ibid., viii
[10] Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language, Published by the Government of Assam in the Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Gauhati, Assam, 1951
[11] Rev. R. C. Nohro, The Lakher Pioneer Missionaries nata Hriatu pazy (Evangelical Church of Maraland Printing Press, Siaha, 2000) 34.
[12] Rev. K. Heisa, Lyucha pazy Khitlyna. (Maraland Gospel Centenary Magazine, 1907-2007,
Yangon, 2007) 37.
[13] Rev. T. Laikai, A brief History of ECM with Special Reference to Mission Enterprise. ECM, Mission Silver Jubilee 1966-1991 Souvenir, Siaha. P. 4
[14] Rev. R. C. Nohro. 34
[15] Rev. K. Heisa. 37
[16] K. H. Beithie, 3
[17] Rev. R. C. Nohro. 35
[18] Reginald A. Lorrain, Five Years in Unknown Jungles, (Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl, 1988) 5
[19] Rev. R. C. Nohro, p. 35
[20] K. H. Beithie. 5
[21] Rev. R. C. Nohro. 35
[22] Ibid., 12
[23] Rev. R. C. Nohro. 35
[24] Ibid., 36
[25] Ibid., 60
[26] Ibid., 61
[27] Ibid., 68
[28] Ibid., 68
[29] Rev. T. Laikai, ECM Mission Silver Jubilee. 7
[30] Rev. T. Laikai, A Breif History of the Evangelical Church of Maraland, MADC Silver Jubilee 1972-1997, Edited by L. C. Hlychho, Siaha, 1997. 43
[31] K. Heisa. 28
[32] Rev. T. Laikai, MADC. p. 44
[33] Bawi Hu. 102
[34] Ibid., 222
[35] Bawi Hu. 223
Note: He article arohtuhpa he Rev. Zakha, Locheipi khih, East Maraland tawhtapa cha ta, ano he atahma Hiakha liata Baptist Awhnanopa liata Pastor rai ahria ngahaipa a cha. Chin Hills liata Baptist missionary nazyta Mara rah chhoh liata Awhnanopa ama paduapa tawhta alaiseihpa member 4,000 daihma yna Baptist Association of Maraland (BAM) liata pastor pakha a cha. He article he Puhpa C. Laiki hiahrina achhyna a cha. Hawrawh o hmana liata ou a hmana y laih ta, tawhta Puhpa C. Laiki, Mara Grammar lesson hluhpi a vaw tao hapa hawhta ahnaina liata hawhrawh h abaihra leipa a cha. He article liata pachana nata scholarly ta ropazy he ano pachana a cha. He cha he Yahoo groups - Maraunawzy, Marathai nata Locheipi liazy ta a paphaopa chata, net liata mothei awpa ta Locheipi Yahoo! group tawhta copy pachhuahpa a cha. Discussion pathaih kawpa nata pitloh kawpa ta comment pie tita achhuah chyu suh vy.
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