Marapa Tahpa Cha

Rev. Vako

Bie Hmiapa

Chyhsa thokha chata cha a y chiehpa moh parohpa chho pasia hualua awpa he paloh pasi achhih thai leipata cha hawhta chhopasia hualuana chhao cha amo chata ananona a yleipa hawhta tlao ama pacha tyh. Chahrasala cha moh parohpa cha thyutliazy ta amo nata ama chha daihti liata ama chhopasia lyma awpa a cha. Chha a pasi lymapa hawhta hmo sakha cho liata eima no a vahna chhao a nano lyma tyh hra. Tanoh ta eima chhopasianazy he hmiala ko hluhpi liata cha a thiehpata ama vaw chhopasiana chata ama vaw duana hmobyuh sakha hawhta a vaw cha lyma aw.

He pachana cho liata a duapata “Mara” tahpa moh he chhopasiana thiehpa lata eima puakhei lyma awpa a pha. He chapaw heta “Marapa cha khatai tawhta eima vy?” or “Kheita-e tahma ama yna su liata ama vaw y?” tahpa la chha ta chhopasiana cha leipata “Mara” tahpa a y chiehpa he kheita a pyh ei sila a pha chai aw tahpa la chha saina chota ropa tlao a cha. Chavata hmiatua ta “kheita mo hropazy ta maniah ama aw” tahpa tawhta pathao ei sila, cha tawhta Marapa a thaipazy ta Mara tahpa he “kheita ama chhopasia” tahpa eima sai pazi heih aw. Cha tawhta tanoh “kheita e Marah tahpa he eima chhopasia aw?” tahpa he eima pua kheina a vaw cha aw.

A. Kheita chyhsa hropazy ta maniah ama aw?

Ko zabi sapalina liata a ypa St. Augustine he hawhta a reih, “Keimo thatih a siapata eima pahnopasia hlata chyhsa hropazy tawhta keimo kyh ama reipa he zo tua awpa abyuh ta cha hnohla ta keima pahnothaina nata pachapazina hma pata zo hmeiseih awpa nata zo hmeiseih lei awpa pathlua awpa abyuh” a tah (Augustines Confession, 1943). A yzi cha eima vaw pi tua nota eima nopawzy pahno beih leipa pita chahrasala “he he ei no,” “he he ei paw,” tahpa cha hnola ta eima chupa a chapa hawhta a cha. Abeipa Zisu chhao ta pachupazy tawhta a thei khoh tua chaipa cha “Chysazy ta keima he kheita ei na tah ei” tahpa bie a cha hra (Matt. 16:18). He yzizy pasaipazi na chota “Mara” tahpa he eima kiapa liata chi hropazy ta kheita maniah ama aw tahpa a chyta eima pacha tua aw.

(1) Notla la tawhta

Mararah notla la liata a ypa chipho cha Maw (Lusheis) nawh cha ei ta he chipho ta maniah ama pahnona awna cha “Lakher[1]” tahpata a cha. Lakher tahpa cha Mawh reih ta “pala a sopa” tahna a cha. Marapa cha eima chysia eima taona awpa he pala paheih pata or so pata chysia lata a taopa eima chapa vata he hawhta Maw nawh ta Lakher tahpata maniah ama pahno. Pachupazy ta Abeipa Zisu hnohta “Hrosohpa Elaisa a cha ama chata” ama tahpa alyu kaw. Lakher tahpa he 1955[2] rachhoh taih kha India lata cha Marapa official moh a vaw cha chy. Ei vaw palasa khopa cha Lakher tahpa he keimo ta eima awna moh cha leipata chyhsa hropa tawhta eima hmapa moh a vaw cha tahpa hi.

(2) Chho la tawhta

Mararah chho la cha Matupa nata Rakhaipa zy y ei ta hlano via daihti liata Marapa nata adyuh tyhpa pho chhao ama cha (1930s).[3] Rakhine Hill Tracts tahpa chabu liata Rakhaipa nata Khami (Matu) zy ta Marapa he “Shandu” or “Shandus”tahpata maniah ama pahno. He hawhta maniah ama tawpa chhao he chabu liata reizi ta “eima sa eima syhpa or hroto eima hneipa” vata “Shandu” tahpata moh maniah ama bie. Chahrasla Marapa ta “Shandus” tahpa moh he vaw hma beih vei ei. Mo hropazy tawhta maniah ama awna tlao a chapa vata Shandu tahpa moh Marapa hry liata pahnona y hluh hra vei.

(3) Maw la tawhta

Mararah maw la cha Hekha chipho ama y. Hekha chipho he leibeizy bihneina liata thatlo kawpa cha ei ta Burma Mararah la chha hecha Hekha leibeizy biehneina ta a vaw pahni kaw. Chavata eima moh chhao he maniah ama aw n’awpa pahno leipa ei ta “Miram” maniah ama tah thla ha. Miram tahpa cha Hekha reih ta mi (chyhsapa) nata ram (rah) zy pahlyhpa a cha. Chavata Miram tahpa cha Mara reih ta “Chysapa rah” tahna tlao a vaw cha. Tanoh taihta Hekha-thatla chipho chhaikha cha Marapa he Miram tahpata maniah ama aw lyma chy. Mararah nochhi la cha Zotung (Azaoh) chipho nata Matu chipho zy y eita he chipho sano he Hekha-thatla zy hawhta “Miram” tahpata maniah ama pahno thla hra.

B. Mara tahpa chhopasiana chhaikhazy

Acho liata palasapazy he mo hropazy tawhta Marapa moh maniah ama biepazy chata chahrasala keimo nata keimo ta Lakher tlyma, Shandu tlyma nata Miram tlyma tahpata a aw leipata eima y. Keimo sasy ta Marapa eima cha eima vaw tah. Chahrasala khapava ta Marapa tahpata eima aw tahpa he tanoh taihta khohchhihkawpa chhopasiana y ma vei. Chhopasia thei awpa chhao cha hra vei. Marapa moh dei he chhopasia a rupa cha leipata khizaw liata a y chiehpa moh zydua he chhopasia aru ngasa chyu. Pakhona ta tanoh “Lai” tahpa chhopasiana cho chata liata apho apho ta a y. Ahy chhopasiana hmata ado chai tla vei. Chhopasiana rakha ta a cha chyu. Chhopasiana pha viapa ama tlua lyma hra. Chahawhta keimo Mara tahpa chhao he chhopasiana apho phota y hra ta cha chhopasianazy cha he hawhta eima saipazi heih tua aw.

(a) Mau Ram tahpata theory

Rei hawpa hawhta Mararah he Hekha leibeizy biehneina ta varo maniah pahni ta chahawhta ama reih chhao he varo maniah a pahni haw hra. Sohna lata cha athai tuapazy he Hekha-thatla chyhsazy cha heih ei ta he sano chana heta maniah ama pahni kaw. Chavata Marapa ao-reih hmana liata Hekha-thatla reih he hlupi eima hma lyma. Hekha-thatla reih ta “Mau” tahpa cha Mara reih ta “Ramawh” tahpa chata chavata Mararah tahpa he “Mauram” tahpa tawhta a vy tahpa apyna a cha. He he eima hnohla ko charu ko sari rachhoh liata MSA chabu liata rohpa theory sakha a cha hra.

Argument: Mararah tahpa cha “Mau ram” tahpa tawhta a vypa cha mawhsala Mau (Ramawh) cha Matu rah liata ahluh chaipa ta pahnopa a cha. Matu rah, Khami rah zydua he Mauram sai a cha thla aw. Chavata tanoh Mararah lia deita ramawh a y leipa vata he Mauram tawhta Mararah a vaw y tahpa theory he aduana hmeiseihpa cha vei.

(b) Chho la ta a ypenawh tahpa theory

Charohtuhpa thokha ta Mara tahpa cha chho la a ypenawh tahpata ama chhopasia tyh hra. He he Mara tahpa hawhrawh nata azaona y vei. Chho la a y penawh tahpa cha Mara tahpa hawhrawh nata azaona a hnei leipa vata he hawhta chhopasiana chha he tahma Marapa pahrana duahmo mo pata reipa deita a chapata a la. Thokha reizi ta “Khakhaihpa” tahna cha “Maw la ta a ypa” tahna a cha tah ei ta chahawhta “Marapa” tahna chhao he “Chho la a ypa” tahna a cha tahpata reipa a cha. Marapa ta Lautu rah he “Khakhaihpa rah” tah tyh ta cha cha keimo tawhta Maw la chha a ypa rah la” tahna a cha. Chavata Chho la ta a ypenaw tahpa theory cha Lautupazy ta maniah ama awna tawhta chasala ahnia chai aw.

Argument: Marapa ta Maw la ta a ypenawh zydua he “Khakhaihpa” tahpata aw leipata Lautu rah deita chata “Khakhaihparah” tahpa he a hma. Achhapa cha Hekha-thatla chhao he Maw la chyhsa cha eita Marapa ta amo he “Khakhaihpa” tahpata aw bei vei. Chahawhta Mararah tahpa cha “Chho la ta a ypa rah” tahpa cha mawhsala “Khumi rah zy, Matu rah zy he” Mararah tahpata tahpata aw awpa ama cha aw. Chavata Marapa tahna cha chho la ta a ypa pho tahpata chhopasiana chhao he aduana pha kawpa y hra vei.

(c) Miram tahpa theory

Reih chanei heih aw sala, hlano via liata cha Hekha-thatla ta maniah ama pahnina he a hluh hmeiseih. Dr. Zohra reipa hawhta Marapa a vaw si laina liata Hekha-thatla chhao ta vaw si thlyu aw ei ta (Maraland.net), Hekha-thatla he chipho lai viapa ama chapa vata Marapa he reih nata beihneina liata chhao a vaw pahni kaw thlyu aw. Chavata Mara tahpa moh he Hekha-thatla reih ta miram tahpa tawhta a vypa a cha thlyu aw tahpa a pyna a vaw y. He liata pacha awpa sakha a ypa cha Hekha reih ta Mi tahpa he Mara reih ta chyhsa cha ta he chyhsa tahpa pronoun he Mara (Ngepheh) rei ta cha Ma[4] tahpa a cha. Hekha-thatla reih ta Ram tahpa cha Mara reih ta Rah cha thla hra ta chavata Hekha reih ta Miram tahpa he Mara-rah tahpa a cha thei tahna a cha.

Argument: Hekha-thatla reih Miram tahpa tawhta Mara rah tahpa a vypa cha mawhsala Hekha-thatlah nata a vaw si khohpa Marapa he Hekha-thatlah pata pahno leipata ma Miram atah thla ha aw? Chahawnahrachata Hekha-thatlah ta Miram a tahpa vata Marapa chhao ano sasy ta Mara a tah thla hra aw ma? tahpa he pacha awpa abyu ngaita. China rah tawhta a vaw si khohpa cha ei sila su sukha tawhta Marapa he ano eih ta tahma a yna su la vaw si hawsala (1400 A.D, Rev. Pheiki: Mara Deiva, 1996?) amo ama awna tawhta Hekha-thatlah pata Mara tahpa he amo reihta Miram a tahpa cha thei hra vei ma? Chavata Miram tahpa theory hawhta apy awpa chhao aduana pha kawpa cha hra vei.

C. Mara tahpa apyna thiehpa

Kheihawhpa daihti tawhta Marapa tahpa he eima vaw la tua tahpa a sia kawpata ropa record y vei hrasala[5] eima chheipa liata chihropazy ta Marapa tahpata maniah ama pahno haw. Cha saidei cha leipata keimo nata keimo chhao Marapa tlai eima cha eima tah haw hra. Chahrasala cha Marapa tahpa cha khapa e yzi ahnei tahpa he tahma tai liata khochhih kawpata chhopasia thei ma mapi tah aw sala ei dona hlupi a y thlyu aw. Hmiala lia chhao ta he Mara tahpa hawhrawh he khoh chhih kawpata chhopasia thei awpa aru hra thlyu aw.

Khizaw liata a pahrapa chyhsapa chiphozy he ama moh cho liata aduapa ta chhopasia eima chhuah khiatacha eima chhopasia chheina hlupi a y aw. Achhapa cha he moh a vaw thaona daihti liata daihti nata ziza, chyhsapa palophao (ethos and pathos) hmo sizi eima pahnopapha leipa vata a cha chai aw. Pakhona ta America cha khapa tachana maw? tah ei sila chhopasia thaipa cha vei. Myanmar he khapamaw tahpa nata alyu thlah hra. Chahawhnarachata Marapa he khapa tahna maw tah ei sila mo hluhpi palotlahna taita chhopasia thaipa cha aw hr’aw vei. Cha rohtuhpa puakheipa chhopasiana ta a cha aw.

Eima hnohla Rev. Teitu a hronoh daihti liata a reipa sakha cha “Marapa eima vaw puana thatih he asia kawpata sakha roh haw ei sila chatawhta pachana thiehpa a hneipazy ama vaw y tita baichha via lai awpa a pha,” a tah. Cha hmo yzi hawhta tahma keimo Marapa tahpa he chyhsa hropenawh lata eima chana eima pahnosa khoh nata eima moh chhao theithai a chhipa sakha eima hnei haw hra awpata ei paphasa kaw. Acho liata palasapa Mara tahpa theory zy he maniahzy ta maniah ama pahnona nata keimo chhaota eima theina rakha chyu ta eima moh kyh pachapazina palasana a vaw cha via. Mara tahpa he “keimo sasy ta eima aw tuapa moh ma a cha?” tahpa nata, “chyhsa hropazy tawta Marapa tahpata mania ama aw tuapa ma acha?” tahpa eima pahnopasia leipa chhaota keimo cha Marapa pho eima cha tahpacha khacha apyh haw ba pita chavata he a y chiehpa moh he angia viapata chhopasia thei ei sila tahpa pachana ei hnei.

Khizaw liata a ypa reih hluh via liata Mara tahpa hawhrawh he a phapa lata chhopasiana y tla leipata a phaleipa la viata y zi a vaw hnei khai. Chahrasala cha zydua hry liata Greek reih ta Mara tahpa cha “Tlyzaw ta a ngiapa” tahna ta a vaw cha. Chyhsa hropazy tawta Mara tahpa moh he maniah ama biepa a chapa chhaota nata manomapaw zy ta amo sasyh ama vaw awna moh a chapa chhaota Mara tahpa moh he khoh achhih kawpa moh ta a vaw cha haw. Maniah a vaw aw tuapa chyhsazy tlyma, manomapawzy tlyma he moh yzi he vaw pahnopasia leipata y thei hra ei sala, tahma keimo chha tawhta Mara tahpa cha “Tlyzaw ta A Ngiapa” tahpata apy thei ei sila chakhiahtacha eima moh eima chhopasiana maih liata theithai nao aw ta khochhieh kawpa moh chhao a cha aw.

Bie Kiamina

He khizaw kawh kawpa lia na heta a pahrapa chi chychaipazy hry liata chipho sakha hawhta Marapa tahpata Khazohpa ta maniah a padua haw. Khazohpa ta Mara cha awpata maniah vaw rao haw ta Marapa chana tawhta chihropa moh phaothai awpa cha vei. Khizaw a y chhoh zydua liata Marapa chyhsa leilo khai hr’ei sila eima chana duahmo leikhai thei khao aw vei. Marapa chholei he lei thai hra aw vei. He Marapa chholei liata a pahrapa Marapa cha “chho la chyhsa tahna a cha” tahpa tlyma, ramawh rah liata a pahrapa tahpa tlyma, chyhsapa rah liata a pahrapa tahna tlyma zy ta chhopasiana he eima moh chhopasiana hmeiseihpa cha leipata pahrana rah moh papata chhopasiana deita a cha. Abeipa Zisu hnohta pachupazy ta “Hrosopa pakha kha ama chata” tahpa deita ei palyu sa. Mara tahpata a vaw biepa heta Marapa tahna cha “Zozaw ta khohchhiepa or a ngiapa” tahpa he vaw pahno haw thlyu aw ta cha moh tlai cha maniah a biepa a cha aw. Chavata Marapa tahpa cha “Zozaw ta Khohchhiepa” eima tah lyma ba aw.

Ahawna: Mara cha hawhrawh chhaihkha aluh cho liata eima pakhupa kha computer liata roh aru ngasapa vata vaw kho thei vana. A pacha naw thai thla bei muh vei.

---

[1] Lt. Gen (Retd) Sushil K. Pillai, (PVSM) “The Maras: A Case Study” in Maraland Net (13.7.2007).

[2] Ibid.

[3] Parry, The Lakher, 1932.

[4] He liata bata pachana ei vaw hneipa cha “Mara” tahpa he Tlosai reih tawhta acha lei awpata ei palyusa. Achhapa cha Lakher tahpa he eima misawnarizy daihti tawhta hma lymapa chata Mara tahpa hawhrawh he eima hnola 1955 rachhoh tawhta officially ta India la cha hmapa a cha. Mara tahpa he Ngephe Mara reih ta chyhsapa rah tahpata palie theipa a vaw cha. Pakhona ta Ngephe Mara reih ta “Ma-ne nawh ha” tahpa cha Mara reih ta “Chyhsa mo hropa yh” tahna a cha.

[5] Keima ei pahnona rakha deita a cha.

Comments

Written by Guest on 2007-07-23 11:17:58 Eli Paw,  Na cha ropa a ineresting kaw. Comments a chyhta vaw pie tua sala:  1. Hiakha reih ta "mi" tahpa he "chyhsapa" tahpa dei cha leipa ta, "maniah naw" (e.g., maniah saw, maniah lyu, etc) tahpa chhao a cha hra. Ngiaphai reih ta "maniah' eima tahpa he Tlosai-Siaha reih ta, "chyhsa" ama vaw tah heih hra (chyhsa saw, chyhsa lyu). Chavata, Hiakha-Thlatla mo he ta, amo eima za siesain daihti liata, Maniah ra la a sie hapa (Mi ram ah a kal mi) tahpa ta maniah ama za awpa chhao a cha thei hra aw.  2. Chapi-Ngiaphia la tawhta Zyhno nata Tlosai-Siaha pazy cha "Mara" tahpa ta eima za aw tyh. Tlosai-Siaha kao tawhta Matupa nata Rakhine-pazy cha "Mara" tahpa ta ama za aw pachhuah heih. Maniah a pahasai hapa, Salyutlana liata pawhrahpa Pastor Vahnei paw kha ta, Rakhine-pa nata Matupazy he "Mara" tahpa ta a aw tyh ei. Chapi-Ngiaphia kao tawhta chhao, Matu-Marapa tahpa reikah he Matupazy reina chata ama za hma tyh hra. Chavata "Mara" tahpa term he Mara reih a cheipazy deita ta hmapa cha ta, chho la ta a ypazy reina chata hmana a y hrapa vata, keima cheingei chhao ta, he he Mara eutomology sakha hawhta ei vaw pacha tyh hra.  3. A tlia liata pachana sakha na pie heihpa cha, "Mara" tahpa moh he Marapasawzy maniah a vaw patlahtuhpa eima mapaw tuachaipa moh chhao a vaw cha thei.  4. Na reipa ei py kawpa sakha cha, "Mara" tahpa yzie he palohtlah kawna taihta nata a sia kawpa ta eima chhopasia nga leipa chhaota, chatlu muarua ta pei a hriana y aw vei. Marapa cha pita, eima rah chhao Mara a cha hra.  Na cha ropazy rei a pha kaw tyh. Vaw roh via lyma mah y!  Vanoh Paw

Written by Guest on 2007-07-24 07:47:35 Vanoh paw y,    Keima ei pachana ta cha Mara Awnanopa he Ahrana ta a vaw laiseihpa a chapa vata he hawta academic pa pata cha ro awpa he paha kaw leina hnei khiah pi tlyma ei vaw ta tyh. Nama cha rohpazy he keima cha tha ei vaw la tyhna a cha hra. Na vaw comment pa vata ei cha ly. Hmiala chha liata a vaw ypazy ta Marapa moh chana sia viapa vaw tlua lyma hr'aw aw ei ta cha tita ama za rei awpa patopatiapa tlu ta cha ropa he ei pacha tyh. Eima tiama lyma chyu aw.    Ei cha ly,  elipaw  Camp: Seoul

vaw ro via ly mate Written by Guest on 2007-08-19 04:24:01 Dear Elipaw,  Article naropa vaw rei nata aphakaw.. mara tapa meaning liata new name proposal navaw tao pachhao he apha kaw. Anodei kua negative lataw chaleipata nareihpa mara word meaning Greek reihtawta nareipachhao he aphakaw hra. chahrasala hehe acceptable acha thei awma? Greek hlata Hebrew he ancient language ta avawcha.. hebrew reih latawta mara tapa meaning he bitter or "heh kha" tana acha.. nama nareipachhao he apha kaw hra.. eicha ly..vaw ro vialy ma y..  Amos

Idea hneina Written by Guest on 2007-08-20 11:03:01 Mara tahpa he asiano kaw pata chhopasiana y hlei lei pata pachana a y theipa nata chyhsa hro pazy ta Mara tahpa ama hmahra na zydua vaw palasa khai chita, pahno kawna chata apha kawpata ei pahno hra. Cha rohpa eima hnei hlu lyma aw pa he apha kaw tlai aw.

keima pachana Written by Guest on 2007-08-29 04:44:14 Elipaw,    Marah tahpa he Grik reih lā tawhta chhopasiapa a chāpa vāta ei palōh vaw chā āh vei.  Marāh reih lā tawhta mopazipata chhopasiana thiehpa tlua hri ei sihla pha via aw va ma?  Keima pōhkha pachāna tala "Mā hawhpa rāh" tahpa he ei vaw khoh via.  Mārāh tahpa liana heta "Angia kawpa, apha kawpa, eima kaw pachā tyhpa, peirāh hawhpa" tahpa taihta a broad kawpata ei vaw pahno.    Atlāhpa ta,  VaE

wojatihg Written by Guest on 2007-12-11 14:09:23 lwdwhpnb aiasqcim http://ssgmzcgh.com bayhsurh lhfejfiv [URL=http://abseycmh.com]qvwcmqww[/URL]

Written by Guest on 2008-06-17 15:00:39 Grika reih ta Mara tahpa yzie chhopasiana khala y zie a hnei leipa cha ta, chasala pachana maniah apie tuhpa dei a cha. Trans Mara district, Nigeria liata a y pazy chhao he chhopasia nga kaw awpa yzie hnei hra aw vei. Keimo nata eima chheipa liata ahniana eima hnei pazy tawhta chho pasia awpa chi tla a cha. Bible achu penawh he Hebrew nata Grik zy he cha Bible cha ta tla hmah ei sala, Mara reih chhopasia nawpa lia cha hma yzie a hnei leipa hawta ei vaw pa cha hra. He hawta cha aroh hopa eima hnei hlu a pha, apha viapa apua lyma aw - Apaw

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